Strain Controlled Triaxial Test- Geotechnical Engineering free essay sample

1. INTRODUCTION From civil engineering view, Soil is the medium through which the structural loads are transferred safely and efficiently. Soil should be consistent enough to satisfy the requirements even under inevitable circumstances like earthquake, bomb reactions etc. It is necessary to incorporate the seismic effects into the soil properties. Like concrete or steel, engineering properties of soil cannot be found out using theory of classical dynamics and vibrations. It can be found only field and lab tests. To quench the above requirement, various techniques are employed nowadays. The most common methods are cyclic simple shear, cyclic triaxial shear and cyclic torsional shear tests. The dynamic triaxial test is the most effective method to arrive the static and dynamic properties of soil like cyclic deformation, damping ratio, liquefaction strength etc. Though it has some limitations, it is widely used for the analysis of soil under seismic forces. The fundamental parameters obtained from this test are cyclic shear stress and cyclic shear strain, through which the soil is defined. We will write a custom essay sample on Strain Controlled Triaxial Test- Geotechnical Engineering or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The tests can be done either by stress controlled (cyclic shear stress) or strain controlled (cyclic shear strain). The test setups are highly sophisticated and costly. It needs highly skilled labour. The measuring devices used in the system needs to be calibrated and sealed properly as it is more sensitive to disturbances. The results obtained reflect the site seismic condition to the maximum level provided the strain level is kept minimum. Fig 1. 1 Triaxial Cell Fig 1. 2. A typical Cyclic triaxial apparatus 1. 1WHY DYNAMIC TRIAXIAL The Dynamic forces are time dependent and are usually cyclic in nature i. e. they involve several cycles of loading, unloading and reloading. Earthquake is three dimensional in nature. Hence the shear waves and body waves produced by the earthquake tend to deform the soil in all the directions (for the horizontal level ground). Dynamic Triaxial tests actually reflect the soil condition (in all round stresses) in the site. During earthquakes, the seismic waves cause the loose sand to contract and thereby increasing the pore water pressure. Under undrained loading, development of high pore pressure results in upward flow of water, thereby making the sand in liquefied condition. Pore water pressure is measured effectively in triaxial tests. Among the stress-control and strain-control condition, strain control is adopted widely. This is because; stress-control test has great sensitivity to the sample disturbance. In case of strain-control, pore pressure developed during tests is less affected by specimen fabric and density. The tests can be done on intact specimens and reconstituted specimens. While comparing the results obtained from intact and reconstituted specimens, there is much deviation in stress-control compared to strain-control. (tests done by vucetic and dobry, in 1988). Stress path control is used in the study of path dependence of soil behaviour. Stress deformation and strength characteristics depend on initial static stress field, initial void ratio, pulsating stress level and the frequency of loading. 1. 2APPLICATIONS There are variety of engineering problems which rely heavily on the behaviour of soils under dynamic conditions. These includes design and the remediation Of machine foundation, geotechnical earthquake engineering, protection against construction vibration, non-destructive characterization of the subsurface, design of offshore structures, screening of rail and traffic induced vibrations, vibration isolation etc. When it comes to dynamic triaxial test, the wide range of application is the liquefaction behaviour of soil under seismic forces. 2. HISTORY One of the first pieces of equipment designed to test cyclic triaxial loading was the pendulum loading apparatus by Casagrande and Shannon in 1949. This utilizes the energy of the a pendulum which when released from a selected height, strikes a spring connected to the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder, this cylinder is further connected to another cylinder located above the cel. The time of loading was between 0. 05 and 0. 01 sec. Fig. 2. 1. Pendulum Loading Apparatus Casagrande and Shannon came up with an equipment called Falling Beam Apparatus as shown in Fig. 2. 2 In 1960, Sead and fead used Pneumatic System for cyclic loading. It marks the evolution of the dynamic triaxial shear apparatus. Fig. 2. 2. Falling Beam Apparatus 3. PRINCIPLE First attempt was made by Seed and Lee (1966) by consolidating a saturated sample under a confining pressure and subjected to constant amplitude cyclic axial stress under undrained conditions. This test was performed till they deformed to a certain amount of peak axial strain. Under this condition creates a stress conditions on a plane of 45 ° through the sample which is the same as those produced on the horizontal plane in the ground during earthquakes. This is the basis on which the cyclic triaxial test works. Fig. 3. 1. Simulation of geostatic and cyclic stress in triaxial test. Shear stress is taken into account as it causes deformation. To incorporate seismic effects, uniform shear stress for a given cycle is adopted for non-uniform stress time data. To achieve that a maximum shear stress is multiplied by a correction factor ?. Then the test is carried out till required deformation or failure to occur. 4. EQUIPMENT 4. 1. Parts of Dynamic triaxial apparatus suggested by ASTM D 3999 – 91(2003) APPARATUSPURPOSECONSIDERATION 1. Triaxial Pressure CellTo mount sample and conduct testTolerance for piston, top platen low friction piston seal. Ball bearings and friction sealTo minimise frictionFriction can be,  ±2 % of the maximum single amplitude cyclic load Load rodTo facilitate loadingdia = 1/6th of specimen dia Specimen cap BaseTo provide a sealed platform Rigid, non corrosive, impermeable, Cap weight 0. 5% of applied axial failure load (static), Valves To regulate back pressure, cell pressure, pore water pressureLeak-proof, withstand applied pressure Top and bottom platensTo facilitate loading and provide a rigid baseProper alignment, load rod sealed with top platen with friction seal. 2. Cyclic Loading EquipmentTo induce cyclic loads Uniform sine wave @ 0. 1 to 2 Hz, simple ram or a closed loop electro hydraulic system 3. Recording EquipmentsTo record the data obtainedProperly calibrated Load MeasurementTo measure the cyclic loadsElectrical, analog or digital Axial deformation MeasurementTo measure the strain rateLVDT or dial guages Pressure ControlTo regulate cell pressureMercury or pneumatic device Pore Pressure transducerTo measure pore pressureTransducers or electronic pressure meters Volume change MeasurementTo check the volume change in the specimenCalibrated and widely used guages 3. Miscellaneous a. Rubber membrane b. Filter paper To hold the specimen To facilitate saturation Leak-proof with minimum restraint Must not cover more than 50% of the specimen. Fig. 4. 1. Schematic Diagram of a stain-controlled dynamic triaxial test 4. 2WORKING PROCEDURE The working mechanism mainly involves three phases a)Saturation phase:Initially the sand is sample saturated by applying cell and back pressure simultaneously. (cell pressure back pressure) b)Consolidation phase: during test, void ratio should be kept constant. It is obtained in this phase. Back pressure valve is closed. )Load Phase: Actual test begins here. Strain rate is fixed using gear system. Cyclic load is applied either using hydraulic or pneumatic type. Loads and corresponding strains are recorded at loading, unloading and reloading. Test is continued until the required strain or failure occurs. 5. RESULTS From the cyclic triaxial test, we can obtain various graphs for detailed analysis, †¢Load Vs Deforma tion †¢Deviatoric Stress Vs Time †¢Axial Strain (%) Vs Time †¢Excess Pore Pressure Vs Axial Strain (%) †¢Excess Pore Pressure Vs Time †¢Deviatoric Stress Vs Axial Strain (%) Fig. 5. 1. Axial load Vs. axial deformation From the hysteresis loop obtained, the dynamic Young’s modulus (Ed) can be calculated, from which shear modulus (G) can be calculated using poisson’s ratio ( µ). Damping factor (D) can also be calculated from the loop obtained. Shear Modulus, G = Ed / 2(1+ µ) Damping factor,D = Ai / 4? At Ai ? Area of Loop At ? Area of shaded portion 6. Discussions: Two series of undrained cyclic triaxial strain controlled tests were performed by Mladen Vucetic and Richardo Dobry, on two different Imperial Valley, California, silty sands which liquefied during an earthquake in 1981. Both intact and reconstituted specimens were tested. The cyclic shear strain is the fundamental parameter governing pore pressure buildup. The saturated deposit is composed of two layers: an upper, looser, sandy silt unit located between 2. 6 m and 3. 5 m depth, containing more fines (37%) (sand A), and the lower, loose to medium-dense sand unit located between 3. 5 m and 6. 8 m, containing less fines (25%) and (sand B). Selected plots of normalized cyclic shear stress, ? cy* = ? cy/? c„ and normalized residual pore pressure, u* = u/? c, versus number of uniform strain cycles, nc, up to nc = 30, are shown in Figs. 6. 1 and 4 for sands A and B, respectively, ? y above is the amplitude of cyclic shear stress acting on 45 ° planes within the specimen, with ? cy= ? dc/2 , where ? dc is the cyclic deviatoric stress amplitude, and u is the accumulated residual cychc pore pressure at the end of the pertinent strain cycle, derived from measurements at the point of the cycle at which the cyclic stress ? dc = ? cy = 0. Fig. 6. 1 Comparis on of results obtained on intact and reconstituted specimens of sand A The effect of sand fabric, that is, the difference between results obtained on reconstituted and intact specimens, is analyzed next for both sands A and B, with the help of Figs. . 1 and 6. 2. It can be readily noticed in these two figures that the residual pore pressures in cyclic triaxial strain-controlled tests are practically unaffected by the change of sand fabric (u* versus nc curves), while, on the contrary, soil stiffness is significantly affected (? cy* versus nc curves). This is especially noticeable in Fig. 6. 2. Fig. 6. 2 Comparison of results obtained on intact and reconstituted specimens of B. Fig. 6. 3 Residual pore pressure in reconstituted specimens of sands A and sand B It must also be noticed that the range of cyclic shear stresses measured at a given cyclic strain in Figs. . 1 and 6. 2, for the two sands and for the two types of specimen fabric, is quite wide, in contrast to the corresponding range of pore pressures in Fig. 6. 3, which is very narrow. This confirms once again that cyclic shear strain is the fundamental parameter governing pore pressure buildup, and that use of strain-controlled testing represents the most appropriate, as well as the most convenient, approach currently available for evaluation of seismic pore pressures and liquefaction of level ground sites. 7. FACTORS AFFECTING CYCLIC STRENGTH Effect of Confining Stress Critical void ratio is not a constant but decreases as confining pressure increases. The stress ratio decreases with increasing confining pressure. Effect of Loading Wave Form As the load data obtained from history are converted into uniform cycle by ?. The order of increasing strength was rectangular, triangular and sine Effects of Frequency on Cyclic Strength The frequency effects have only a minor ( 10 percent) effect on cyclic strength of the soils. The slower loading frequency have slightly higher strength. Effects of Relative Density At relative densities 50%, complete liquefaction occurred almost simultaneously, and relative densities above 70% were required for safety against large strains. Effects of size Gradation Well-graded material was somewhat weaker than uniformly graded material. This finding was attributed to a greater densification tendency in well-graded soils, as finer particles move into voids between larger particles, than occurs in uniformly graded soils. This densification tendency causes increased pore pressure. Effects of sampling on strain history Once a specimen has liquefied and reconsolidated to a denser structure, despite this densification, the specimen is much weaker to cyclic stresses reapplied. Effects of Over consolidation Ratio and Ko The maximum deviator stress required to cause a critical strain for a specified number of cycle’s increases with the Ko ratio. Also the cyclic strength increases as OCR and fines content increase. 8. VALIDATION The validation of the apparatus is done by successive tests, researcher’s experience and available equipments. Mladen vucetic and richardo dobry conducted two series (Intact and Reconstituted Specimens) of undrained cyclic triaxial tests on Imperial Valley, California, silty sands which liquefied during an earthquake in 1981. The results were compared and the experimental set up was validated. Further the tests were conducted on different types of sand and validated. 9. DEVELOPMENTS Since 1966, there has been a considerable improvements in the triaxial testing apparatus meeting results of higher accuracy and efficiency. Initially stress controlled methods were used, then strain controlled methods were adopted. To apply loads, initially hydraulic jack was used, then pneumatic system was used and then electro piezometer. Likewise there are so many advancements of triaxial tests. Some of the advancements are discussed below. Chan (1981), and Li et al (1988) Fig. 7. 1. , have developed a popular electro-pneumatic apparatus which incorporates many advancements in apparatus design and operation. Fig. 9. 1. Electro-pneumatic Apparatus Automated Cyclic Triaxial system is the next development, which is the most comonly used apparatus. It is well known for its automated input and output System, data acquisition and quick results. Fig. 9. 2. Automated Triaxial System 9. 1 RECENT ADVANCEMENTS GDS Entry level Dynamic triaxial testing system ?Technical Specifications ?Maximum Operating Frequency: 5Hz ?Minimum Operating Frequency: 0. 001Hz ?Highly accurate dynamic, electro-mechanical actuator ?Available sample sizes (depending on cell selection): 38 x 76mm (or ? 39. 1 x 78. 2mm) to ? 150 x 300mm. Fig. 9. 3. GDS ELD ? 16-Bit dynamic data logging ?16 Bit dynamic actuator control channel ?Cell pressure range to 2MPa (dependent of cell choice) ?Small laboratory foot print No hydraulic power pack required ?Standard Triaxial cells can be used (upgraded to dynamic seals and bearings) ? Can be upgraded to perform P and S wave bender element testing. ?Can be upgraded to perform unsaturated triaxial testing with the addition of the following items: a)Unsaturated pedestal with high air entry porous stone. b)1000cc digital air Pressure/volume controller (ADVDPC) for the applicatio n of pore air pressure and measurement of air volume change c)Optional HKUST double cell (available in the data sheet ‘Unsaturated Triaxial Testing of Soil (UNSAT). As well as dynamic triaxial tests, the ELDyn system can be utilised to carry out traditional triaxial tests such as UU, CU and CD as well as more advanced tests such as stress paths, K0 and Resilient Modulus tests. HS28. 610 cyclic triaxial test system is also a sophisticated apparatus available in Newdelhi (India). DYNATRIAX is another advanced cyclic triaxial equipment available at many places Los Angeles, Poland and many countries. It can operate at a maximum frequency of 10Hz. 10. CONCLUSION Many innovative systems for cyclic loading of soil have emerged in geotechnical engineering. Each system has its unique advantages and limitations. Some ways of minimizing these limitations have been pointed out. The advanced equipments are an additional tool for performing cyclic loading, in particular liquefaction testing. Extreme care must be used in preparing remoulded sand specimens, and special attention must be paid to testing techniques in order to obtain reproducible test results. In particular, the method of specimen preparation, the shape of the loading wave form, and the preciseness of density determinations greatly affect cyclic strength. Hence, development of ASTM standards for cyclic triaxial testing should include consideration of these factors in the results of this investigation. 11. REFERENCES: ASTM D 3999 Determination of Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus Advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock Page 484 by Robert T. Donaghe, Ronald C. Chaney, Marshall L. Silver Chan, C. K. , 1981, An Electropneumatic Cyclic Loading System, Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 183-187. Dynamic Geotechnical Testing H Ronald J. Ebelhar, Vincent P. Drnevich, and Bruce L. Kutter. STP 1213 ASTM Publication Dynamic Geotechnical Testing : a symposium by Marshall L. Silver Khosla, V. K. and Singh, R. D. , Apparatus for Cyclic Stress Path Testing, Geoteehnical Testing Journal, GTJODJ, Vol. 6, No. 4, Dec. 1983, pp. t65-172. Fundamental of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering By Prasad. Soil Liquefaction, a critical state approach by Mike Jefferies Ken Been Kramer, Steven L. , Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice-Hall, Inc. , Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996 Townsend, F. C, A Review of Factors Affecting Cyclic Triaxial Teste, Dynamic Geotechnical Testing, ASTM STP 654, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1978, pp. 356-383.

Factors Should Be Considered While Making Investment Accounting Essay Essays

Factors Should Be Considered While Making Investment Accounting Essay Essays Factors Should Be Considered While Making Investment Accounting Essay Essay Factors Should Be Considered While Making Investment Accounting Essay Essay In this undertaking we need to depict the two undertakings and compare them and do study of that two undertakings by using our cognition undertaking public and private and how the appraise and by comparing them and in the 2nd portion demand to compose about station audit assessment by recommendation. Compared two Investment undertakings Capital outgo can be defined as outgo where the benefits last more than 15 months.A For the most portion, this means outgo on assets such as edifices or equipment, which can be used over a long period. Capital points are important assets that will hold a life of many old ages, such as land, new edifices, roads, etc. This is different to gross disbursement, which covers daily points to run services such as staffing and purchase of services. Capital points need to be funded individually to reflect this difference in usage. : Gross outgo is expenditure incurred either for the intent of trade of concern i.e. , merchandising and distribution disbursals. It is used for keeping bing gaining capacity of non-current assets. Sing two investing undertakings below: Net income / Loss Undertaking A Undertaking B Capital Outgo ( 60000 ) ( 60000 ) Year 1 10000 25000 Year 2 35000 15000 Year 3 15000 10000 Year 4 ( 9000 ) 10000 Year 5 ( 10000 ) ( 9000 ) Each undertaking is expected to be operational for five old ages and at the terminal of which clip there is non expected to be any scrap value. Capital outgo for both undertakings would be incurred instantly. Depreciation to be charged on consecutive line footing method. Tax to be ignored. Cost of capital to be 15 % . Project-A Capital Outgo is 60000. At the terminal of five old ages value becomes zero. Year Cost in Percentage 15 % Discount Factor 1 1 / 1 + 0.15 0.894 2 0.894 / 1 + 0.15 0.797 3 0.797 / 1 + 0.15 0.712 4 0.712 / 1 + 0.15 0.637 5 0.637 / 1 + 0.15 0.567 Year Profit/Loss Discount Factor Present Value 0 ( 80000 ) 1 26000 0.894 23244 ( 26000*0.894 ) 2 51000 0.797 40647 ( 51000*0.797 ) 3 31000 0.712 22072 ( 31000*0.712 ) 4 7000 0.637 4459 ( 7000*0.637 ) 5 N.P.V 6000 0.567 3402 ( 6000*0.567 ) 33824 ( 93824-60000 ) At the terminal of five old ages, undertaking would give ?33824 ( 93824 60000 ) Project-B Capital Outgo is 60000. At the terminal of five old ages value becomes zero. Depreciation = 12000 ( 60000/5 ) . Net income is increased by 12000, net income becomes 37000 ( 25000+12000 ) . Calculating pay-back period of undertaking and Net nowadays value Calculating net present value Interest rate = 15 % Depreciation = 12000 ( 60000/5 ) . Net income is increased by 12000, net income becomes 22000 ( 10000+12000 ) Calculating pay-back period of undertaking and Net nowadays value Calculating net present value Interest rate = 15 % Year Net income / Loss Discount Factor Present Value 0 ( 60000 ) 1 37000 0.894 33078 ( 37000 * 0.894 ) 2 31000 0.797 24707 ( 31000*0.797 ) 3 22000 0.712 15664 ( 22000*0.712 ) 4 26000 0.637 16536 ( 26000*0.637 ) 5 N.P.V 5000 0.567 2835 ( 5000*0.567 ) 32820 ( 92820-60000 ) At the terminal of five old ages, undertaking would give ? 32820 ( 92820- 60000 ) As placing both undertakings A and B, I would propose to put in undertaking A there is more income as compared to project B and payback period is besides early every bit compared to project B. Net Present Value The difference between the present value of hard currency influxs and the present value of hard currency escapes. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitableness of an investing or project.A NPVA analysis is sensitive to theA dependability of future hard currency influxs that an investing or undertaking will yield.A For illustration, if a retail shops businessA wants to buy an bing shop, it would foremost gauge the hereafter hard currency flows that shop would bring forth, and so dismiss those hard currency flows into one lump-sum present value sum, say 565,000Pounds. If the proprietor of the shop was willing to sell his concern for less than 565,000Pounds, the buying company would probably accept the offer as it presents a positive NPV investing. Conversely, if the proprietor would non sell for less than 565,000Pounds, the buyer would non purchase the shop, as the investing wouldA present a negative NPV at that clip and would, hence, cut down the overall value of the Retail Store. Discount Payback Period The payback method determines the length of clip it takes to retrieve an initial investing. This sum of clip is called the payback period. A peculiar sum of clip is selected as a cut-off payback period for the undertaking to payback the initial investing. The easiest manner to believe of the payback period is the length of clip it takes to interrupt even in an accounting sense. Advantage Adjust unsteadily of later hard currency back. Disadvantage Ignores clip value for money and does nt number hard currency flow. Must take an arbitrary cut off point. Biased against long-run undertakings. Company make some comparing between different undertakings and seek to happen out most effectual and profitable undertaking for the company, but Private Company do investing sing different factors so public company. Following factors should be considered while doing investing: Weight of time-value of money Payback period Interest rate Company make some comparing between different undertakings and seek to happen out most effectual and profitable undertaking for the company, but Private Company do investing sing different factors so public company. Public sector: In public sector, company can non even trust on the fiscal information like rate of return and payback period etc, there are so many other issues needed to be considered while doing determination on taking or rejecting any undertaking. It involves the bringing of goods and services by and for the authorities national, regional local or municipal. ( e.g. Companies house, HM Revenue A ; Hospitals etc ) Other Factors need to be taken into history: Health and Safety ( e.g. HM Revenue, Companies House ) Geographic Location Government Polices and Properties Rate of Taxation Task 2.2 A ; 2.3 Post Audit Appraisal and Recommendation A set of procedures to measuring capital budgeting determination after the companies achieved facts and figures. It is the work to give an sentiment as to whether the fiscal statements show a true and just values and positions of the consequences at the terminal of selected fiscal twelvemonth. To make post-audit of any administration, more information about the company will supply more clear image and thought about to do post-audit. Balance Sheet It Provide detailed information about the concern assets and liabilities besides the liquidness of the concern. Net income and loss history It How net income or loss gathered by administration Cash flow statement Shows all hard currency influxs and out flows of the concern during the peculiar clip period Stakeholders, employees, providers, Inland Revenue provide in deepness cognition about the concern Trading figures Gross saless and purchases helps to happen net income sum both fiscal and non-financially ( i.e. client satisfaction ) Cost information of the production and merchandises Capital Budgeting of the administration will give the information about the future undertakings and financess ( expected ) . A station audit of an investing determination should include an appraisal of the decision-making procedure, and the consequences, benefits, and results of the determination. It facilitates organisational acquisition and support uninterrupted betterment in the investing and execution procedure. It assesses, after the fact, the efficiency and effectivity of an investing assessment, and direction s determination and execution. It should besides include a reappraisal of premises made during the decision-making procedure, for illustration premises on markets, engineering, competition, cost of capital, etc. Post audit proctors and evaluates the advancement of capital investing through comparing existent hard currency flows and other costs and benefits with those originally projected. Where a reappraisal can non mensurate all hard currency flows generated by an investing undertaking ( for illustration where it is non possible to divide the impact of a undertaking from the balance of an organisation ) , comparative success should be judged on a wider set of concern procedures or plan. In order to make up ones mind, which undertaking is good for the company, need to measure and analyze the undertakings on the available informations sing the capital outgo and net incomes, the Net Present Value, Pay-back period and Internal rate of Return etc. Performance Mentoring Cost Benefit Analysis Hazard factor Other factors such as proficient or rising prices. All these finance information makes easy to make post-audit. It is non merely depends up on fiscal information but besides needs to acquire other non-financial information that will besides give good aid to make the post-audit. More and precise informations, histories will assist needed in procedure.

How to Conjugate the French Verb Adorer (to Adore)

How to Conjugate the French Verb Adorer (to Adore) The French verb  adorer  means exactly what it looks like: to adore. Its a regular verb and that means that it follows a simple pattern when conjugating it to fit the subject and tense of your sentence. This is an easy French lesson and by the end, youll know exactly how to conjugate  adorer. Conjugating the French Verb  Adorer In French, verbs are conjugated in order to match the tense and subject pronoun of the sentence. The pronouns are the I, you, he, she, we, and they that act as the subjects. These are the basic pronouns like  j, tu, il, nous, vous, and ils that you learn in basic French lessons. Adorer  is a  regular -er verb  and it follows a simple pattern for changing the ending as we conjugate it from tense and subject. Once you are familiar with the pattern, you can conjugate any number of similar verbs. The following chart explains how  adorer  is conjugated into the  present, future, imperfect past, and present participle tenses. You will match the word with the subject your speaking about. For instance, to say, I adore, you would simply say jadore in French. Its actually quite easy when you put it to practice. Subject Present Future Imperfect j' adore adorerai adorais tu adores adoreras adorais il adore adorera adorait nous adorons adorerons adorions vous adorez adorerez adoriez ils adorent adoreront adoraient Adorers Present Participle The  present participle  of  adorer  is  adorant. The -ant  ending is used in a similar manner to the -ing in English. In this form,  adorant  can be used as a verb. You may find it helpful as an adjective, gerund, or noun as well. Adorer  in Past Tense Beyond the imperfect past tense, you can also use the common  passà © composà ©Ã‚  to express that you adored something.   In order to do this, you will need to add the  auxiliary verb, or helping verb,  avoir  in a conjugated form. Also, rather than changing the  adorer  verb to match the subject, you can simply use the  past participle  of adorà ©. For example, to say I adored, you can simple say jai adorà ©. Likewise, to say we adored in French, you will say nous avons  adorà ©. In these phrases, ai and  avons are conjugates of the verb  avoir. More Conjugations of  Adorer Those are the easy conjugations and the ones that you will use most often in French. There are special circumstances when you will need to use another form of  adorer. The subjunctive is a verb mood that expresses that an action is subjective or uncertain. The conditional verb mood tells you that the adoration only applies under certain conditions. You may never use the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive as these are used in formal writing. However, its a good idea to be aware of how they are used. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j' adore adorerais adorai adorasse tu adores adorerais adoras adorasses il adore adorerait adora adorà ¢t nous adorions adorerions adorà ¢mes adorassions vous adoriez adoreriez adorà ¢tes adorassiez ils adorent adoreraient adorà ¨rent adorassent The imperative form of  adorer  is the last conjugation that you may use from time to time. This is also a verb mood and it allows you to refrain from using the subject pronoun. For instance, instead of saying tu adore, you can simply say  adore. Imperative (tu) adore (nous) adorons (vous) adorez More Ways to Express Love and Adoration in French French is often called the language of love. While you are studying the conjugations of  adorer, you might want to expand your vocabulary to include other French words for love. Its fun and a lesson that youre sure adorer.

Account for the widespread failure of democracy in Europe between the Essay

Account for the widespread failure of democracy in Europe between the two world wars - Essay Example The inter period between the World Wars in Europe was a trademark of different regimes ruling Europe at a dark time(Pratchett 44). The casualties were far more terrible than anyone had foreseen, and international conflict was without a doubt filled with consequences. Hence, the failure of democracy to spread to Europe between the World Wars can be attributed to various reasons. One of the primary reasons why democracy failed to spread in Europe between World Wars was because no country had enough desire or power to enforce democracy in their own nation. At the time of World War I, this triumphant ideology of an expansionist democratic republicanism was simply clear. Under Wilsons administration, the European war became an ideological mission, which was to make the world safe for democracy and free of corrupt rulers(Jeffries 66)..   The Allies were being urged to think of their motive to enter  war  Ã¢â‚¬Å"to make the  world  safe for  democracy,† and the Germans, on their side, were correspondingly encouraged to visualize the  war  as a struggle of â€Å"culture† against â€Å"barbarism.†Ã‚  Wilsons false vision of democracy was disillusioned because it gave rise to more conflict(Parkingson 22).. Democracy failed in the post-World War I mainly because it was unable to allow for economic reliability. Germany for example, was in total economic collapse as inflation continued to plague their economy. During the Weimar Republic many anti-democratic political groups sprang up from angry war veterans, including the Communist, Socialist, and the Nazi party(Siedentop 45)..   For Germans, democracy meant turmoil, revolution, and poverty. Many Germans longed for the stability of the kaisers empire. Democracy is based on a strong foundation of social system in which the economy is prosperous. However, these conditions did not prevail in Europe between wars especially after the Great Depression. Numerous nations were created in Europe post World War I, which

Small Group Reading and Math Intervention Essay

Small Group Reading and Math Intervention - Essay Example Since each learner or group of learners is unique, it is important that intervention solutions that specifically meet the objectives and needs of each group of learners or each student are designed. It is only through meticulous program designing, planning, implementation, and teacher placement and training that a learning intervention may prove effective on at-risk learners, especially for technical subjects such as math (Angelillo, 2003). Additionally, sound intervention management, student assessments, and reporting are equally important in improving learners’ performances in math. This paper explores small-group reading as a method of assisting â€Å"at-risk† math learners in the 3-8 grades. Small Group Reading Intervention for Math Among the interventions for math preferred by quite a number of instructors are reading interventions, mathematics interventions, and Algebra readiness. In reading interventions, small groups are often formed to help learners who are str uggling to improve in their math to muster the necessary skills required for the subject. Consequently, math labs and/or the small groups are formed and used to build weak learners’ confidence in the fundamental concepts of math. ... The achievement gap between the weak learners and the general class is thus bridged as the additional instruction given to this special group above the core math teaching helps them obtain the lacking skills and confidence. Small group reading for math has been found to be particularly effective and beneficial for grades 3–8. Among the core elements of small group reading for math are flexible grouping, small-group reading sequence, appropriate texts, and teaching for understanding (Metsisto, 2001). Elements of Small Group Reading for Math To improve the performance and confidence of the â€Å"at-risk† group in a math class, small-group reading, which refers to an intervention in which instructors support, teach, and guide students on their math instructional level before, during, and after reading is always recommended. The first step in small-group reading for math is the assessment of learners’ instructional levels by instructors. There are several methods of carrying out such an assessment including teacher observation and constant evaluations such as unofficial reading records. By forming small flexible groups, instructors are better placed to match learners’ math needs and abilities with the most appropriate reading resources/materials and partners (Metsisto, 2001). Further, small reading groups assist teachers to observe each learner’s reading behaviors, model-specific reading behaviors and reading strategies. It is then recommended that each group should consist of between two and six learners with the same level of reading abilities, instructional level, and math abilities. The teacher’s role then becomes assisting math

Birth of A Nation :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Birth of a Nation: 1607-1815   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been said that the Declaration of Independence was more democratic and for equality and the Constitution was more for a republic that benefited only some people. The Declaration was idealistic the Constitution realistic. That 1776 gave us liberty and 1787 gave us order. Although as unfair as it may sound this seems to be true. After gaining liberty this country had to establish a system that would have order.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When declaring independence, the bulk of the people thought that would be â€Å"†¦to burn the last bridge, to become traders in the eyes of the mother country.† (Garraty 110). John Dickinson had stated, â€Å" ‘Torn from the body to which we are united by religion, liberty, laws, affections, relation, language and commerce, we must bleed at every vein.’ â€Å" (Garraty 110). The people were afraid to break away, they pondered â€Å" ‘Where shall we find another Britain.’ â€Å" (Garraty 110). Eventually independence was inevitable. There was a great mistrust towards both Parliament and George III when the colonists heard that the British were sending hired Hessian soldiers to fight against them in the revolution. The pamphlet written by Thomas Paine entitled Common Sense called boldly for complete independence. This reflected his opinions on George III, calling him a brute, and also attacking the idea of monarchy itself. à ¢â‚¬Å"Virtually everyone in the colonies must have read Common Sense or heard it explained and discussed.† (Garraty 110). John Adams dismissed it as something he had said time and time again. â€Å"The tone of the debate changed sharply as Paine’s slashing attack took effect.† (Garraty 110). A committee was appointed by Congress, consisting of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and many more. â€Å"The committee had asked Jefferson to prepare a draft† that would soon become known as the Declaration of Independence. (Garraty 112). It consisted of two parts: an introduction which justified the abstract right of any people to revolt and described the theory on which the Americans based their creation of a new, republican government, and a second part that made George III, rather than Parliament, look like the ‘bad guy’. â€Å"†¦The king was the personification of the nation against which the nation was rebelling.† (Garraty 112). â⠂¬Å"The Declaration was intended to influence foreign opinion, but it had little immediate effect outside Great Britain, and there it only made people angry and determined to subdue the rebels.

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Chevron Corporation United States http://database. iprofile. net/company/Chevron_Corporation/companyOverview. html 1 Contents @ 2012 iProfile. All Rights Reserved. Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps TABLE OF CONTENTS Chevron Corporation Corporate Overview Company Profile 6 Stock Performance Analysis 7 Org Charts & Contacts Executive Management 9 Senior IT Management 12 IT Management, Enterprise Architecture 14 IT Management, Strategy, Planning & Projects 16 Executive Management, Chevron Oronite Company 18 Executive Management, Chevron Venture Capital 9 Executive Management, Chevron Australia 20 Contacts Table 22 Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT & Executive Biographies 32 IT Executive Interviews 46 2 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps TABLE OF CONTENTS Chevron Corporation Patricia Yarrington 46 John Watson 47 Gary Luquette 48 IT Executive Presentations 49 J. P. Morgan Oil & Gas Conference: Global LNG 49 Australia Investor Meetings 50 UBS Global Oil & Gas Conference 2012 51 2012 UBS Thailand Natural Gas Field Trip 52 Credit Suisse Energy Summit 2012 53 Barclays Capital CEO Energy/Power Conference 4 IT Infrastructure & Applications Technology Implementations 56 QuantumRD 60 ThinManager 61 McLaren Enterprise Engineer 62 3 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps TABLE OF CONTENTS Chevron Corporation EnterpriseWizard 63 NRX Asset Information Management 64 Microsoft SQL Server 65 Wonderware IntelaTrac 66 OpenWorks R5000 67 CartoPac Field Server 68 Windows 69 IT Footprint and Budget 70 4 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps CORPORATE OVERVIEW Chevron Corporation 5 Corporate Corporate OverviewOrg Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps Chevron Corporation Headquarters Contact Information 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road San Ramon, California 94583 United States Phone: +1-925-842-1000 http://www. chevron. com Employees: 61000 D-U-N-S ® Number: 001382555 SIC: 2911 D-U-N-S is a registered trademark of the Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. and its affiliates. Financial Performance Company Profile Chevron Corporation is one of the world's leading integrated energy companies (#2 in the US behind Exxon Mobil), with proved reserves of some 11. 2 billion barrels of oil equivalent and a daily production of 2. million barrels. The company operates in the world’s most important oil and gas regions, and is a leader in refining, fuels, lubricants and additives. Chevron's interests range from chemical production and mining to energy research and nanoscience. Along with a range of power facilities, the company is also the world’s largest producer of geothermal energy. Chevron, which is restructuring its refinery and retail businesses to cut costs, owns or has stakes in some 8,200 g as stations in the US that operate under the Chevron and Texaco brands. Outside the US, the company owns or has stakes in almost 9,700 gas stations.It also owns 50% of chemicals concern Chevron Phillips Chemical. Sales by Division 6 Corporate Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps Chevron Corporation Stock Performance Analysis Compared to Index of Peers & Competitors 12 Months 5 Years 7 Corporate Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation 8 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive ManagementChief Executive Officer & Chairman Biography Paul Bennett Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 James Blackwell Matthew Foehr Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-8 42-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-790-3434 John McDonald Joe Geagea Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Stephen Green George Kirkland Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Chief Governance Officer & Corporate Secretary Executive Vice President, Technology & Services Chief Technology Officer & Vice President Vice President & Comptroller President, Chevron Gas & Midstream & Corporate†¦ BiographyExecutive Vice President, Upstream & Gas & Vice†¦ Presentation Vice President, Policy, Government & Public Affairs Vice President & Treasurer Presentation Biography Lydia Beebe Biography Biography Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Interview Biography John Watson 9 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive Management (II) Chief Executive Officer & Chairman Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Roy Krzywosinski Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +61 -8-9216-4000 Joe Laymon Wesley Lohec Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Gary Luquette Sandy Macfarlane Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Melody Meyer Hewitt Pate melody. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Interview Vice President, Human Resources, Medical & Security President, Chevron North America Exploration &†¦ President, Chevron Asia Pacific Exploration &†¦ Managing Director, Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Vice President, Health, Environment & Safety General Tax Counsel Biography Biography Presentation Biography President, Chevron Oronite Company LLC Presentation Ronald Kiskis Interview Biography John WatsonVice President & General Counsel 10 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive Management (III) Chief Executive Officer & Chairman Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Rebecc a Roberts [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-713-432-6000 Chuck Taylor Trond Unneland chuck. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Biography Jay Pryor Corp Tele: +1-713-954-6000 Michael Wirth Patricia Yarrington Corp Tele: +44-1224-334-000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Vice President, Business DevelopmentVice President, Strategic Planning Vice President & Managing Executive, Chevron†¦ Chief Financial Officer & Vice President Interview Executive Vice President, Downstream & Chemicals†¦ President, Chevron Pipe Line Company Biography Biography Interview Biography John Watson Rhonda Zygocki Executive Vice President, Policy and Planning Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 11 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Senior IT Management Biography John McDonald Chief Technology Officer & Vice President Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000Cor p Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-4750 Lynn Chou Biography ahmed. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-1043 Denise Coyne General Manager, Technology Management &†¦ General Manager, Process Applications & Data Biography Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-4100 or +1-925-842-7212 Gilles Eberhard General Manager, IT Strategy, Planning & Project†¦ gilles. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Louie Ehrlich President, Chevron Information Technology†¦ Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-790-3412 Jim Green Chief Information Officer & General Manager†¦ [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Biography Biography lynn. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Chief Information Officer, Corporate Department†¦ Biography Peter Breunig Head, R&D, Energy Technology Biography Ahmed Badruzzaman Karen Grote Chief Information Officer, Global Marketing Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-4930 12 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Senior IT Management (II) Biography John McDonald Chief Technology Officer & Vice President Richard Jackson aul. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-9021 Ashok Krishna Celia Lin Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-790-3789 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Jana Multhaup Kirk Rehage Director, IT Security Chief Information Protection Officer & General†¦ Vice President, Technology Downstream Chief Information Officer, Americas Products [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Chief Information Officer, Chevron Global Gas Biography Paul Huttenhoff Biography Biography Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 General Manager, IT AuditCorp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-827-7491 13 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts IT Management, Enterprise Architecture Biography Peter Breunig General Manager, Technology Management &†¦ Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-4750 Kelly Becker Tom Bell [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-1470 Dennis Bourque Wendy Brumbach [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 [email  protected] comCorp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Henry Cariaso Lee Conroy [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-358-7084 lee. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Joseph Fielding Sebastian Gass [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 sebastian. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Manager, Information Technology Manager, Emerging Infrastructure Techno logies Biography Senior Manager, Windows Server Security Manager, Applications Development Manager, Enterprise Architecture Manager, Organizational Capability Manager, Information Technology, MidContinent†¦ Manager, Business Analytics 14Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts IT Management, Enterprise Architecture (II) Biography Peter Breunig General Manager, Technology Management &†¦ Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-4750 Ricky Gilbert Manager, Manufacturing, IT Systems [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Dennis Mores Manager, Data Center Office Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-358-7314 Shenita Ramsey Jennifer Scriabine [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 [email  protected] comCorp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-5074 Client Manager, Information Technology Audit Manager, IS Ope rations Lisa Tharaud Global Category Manager, Enterprise Software lisa. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 15 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts IT Management, Strategy, Planning & Projects Biography Gilles Eberhard General Manager, IT Strategy, Planning & Project†¦ gilles. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Josh Burdick Paul Fontenot josh. [email  protected] comCorp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 paul. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Patrick Garcia Jamie Gibbs Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 jamie. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Gene Guidry Franz Helin [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 franz. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Darryl Martin Laura Pollock Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Project Manager Manager, Gl obal Infrastructure Design, Project†¦ Project Manager, Information Technology Program Manager Project Manager, IT Project Manager Project Manager, TCO Project Manager, Information Technology 6 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts IT Management, Strategy, Planning & Projects (II) Biography Gilles Eberhard General Manager, IT Strategy, Planning & Project†¦ Denise Sexton Dipak Vekaria denise. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 dipak. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Senior Project Manager, Information Technology Project Manager, Information Systems, Gorgon IM&T Biography Biography gilles. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Tommy YanowskiProgram Manager, Global Supply & Trading Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 17 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive Management, Chevron Oronite Company Ronald Kiskis President, Chevron Oronite Company LLC Biography Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 David Seals Chief Information Officer, Chevron Oronite†¦ david. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-216-0026 Jirong Xiao Vice President, Products & Technology Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 18 Corporate Overview Org Charts & ContactsBios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive Management, Chevron Venture Capital Trond Unneland Vice President & Managing Executive, Chevron†¦ Biography Corp Tele: +1-713-954-6000 John Hanten Desmond King Corp Tele: +1-713-954-6000 Direct Tele: +1-713-954-6360 Corp Tele: +1-713-954-6000 Colleen Mazza Matthew McElhattan Corp Tele: +1-713-954-6000 Corp Tele: +1-713-954-6000 Richard Pardoe Don Riley Corp Tele: +1-713-954-6000 Corp Tele: +1-71 3-954-6000 Venture Executive President, Chevron Technology Ventures Business Support Principal PrincipalVenture Executive 19 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive Management, Chevron Australia Presentation Roy Krzywosinski Managing Director, Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Colin Beckett Rick Biddle Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Kaye Butler Kevin Cunningham Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Brian Dalzell Peter Fairclough Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 David Fielder Gerry Flaherty Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 General Manager, Greater Gorgon Area General Manager, Human Resources Manager, Finance Manager, Operational Excellence, Health†¦ General Manager, Operations General Manager, Policy, Government & Public†¦ Planning Manager General M anager, Asset Development 20 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive Management, Chevron Australia (II) Presentation Roy Krzywosinski Managing Director, Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 David Minemier Brian SmithCorp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Neil Theobald Mike Williams Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Manager, Non-Operated Joint Ventures General Manager, Gas Marketing &†¦ General Manager, Wheatstone Development Managing Counsel 21 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation Contacts Company First Name Last Name Title Rank Telephone E-Mail Chevron Corporation – HRD Helen Alm HR Business Partner, AD HR Project Team Others Direct: +1-925-842-8236 [email  protected] com Chevron Corpor ation –HRD Leslie Ann Rodarte HR SAP Payroll Administrator Administrator Direct: +1-925-842-0803 [email  protected] com Chevron Corporation – HRD Jennifer Backer-Walton Manager, Global HR Reporting Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 jennifer. [email  protected] com Chevron Corporation Ahmed Badruzzaman Head, R&D, Energy Technology Head of Direct: +1-925-842-1043 ahmed. [email  protected] n. com Chevron Corporation Kelly Becker Manager, Information Technology Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 [email  protected] com Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Colin Beckett General Manager, Greater Gorgon Area C-Level Corp: +61-8-9216-4000 Chevron CorporationLydia Beebe Chief Governance Officer & Corporate Secretary C-Level Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Corporation Tom Bell Manager, Enterprise Architecture Manager Direct: +1-925-842-1470 Chevron Corporation Paul Bennett Vice President & Treasurer Treasurer Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Corporation – HRD Norm Berkley Manager, Human R esources Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Rick Biddle Manager, Operational Excellence, Health, Environment & Safety C-Level Corp: +61-8-9216-4000 Chevron Corporation James Blackwell Executive Vice President, Technology & Services Vice President Corp: +1-925-842-1000Chevron Corporation Dennis Bourque Manager, Emerging Infrastructure Technologies Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Corporation – HRD Susan Boyle Manager, Corporate HR Communications Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Corporation Peter Breunig General Manager, Technology Management & Architecture C-Level Direct: +1-925-842-4750 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts [email  protected] com [email  protected] com [email  protected] com 22 Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation Contacts Company First Name Last Name Title Rank Telephone Chevron Corporation – HRDKyle Bromley Manager, Human Resources Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Corporation Wendy Brumbach Manager, Organizational Capability Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Corporation – HRD Linda Buchanan Manager, Employee Development & Organization Capability Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Corporation Josh Burdick Project Manager Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Kaye Butler General Manager, Human Resources C-Level Corp: +61-8-9216-4000 Chevron Corporation Henry Cariaso Senior Manager, Windows Server Security Manager Direct: +1-925-358-7084 [email  protected] com Chevron Corporation Lynn ChouGeneral Manager, Process Applications & Data C-Level Corp: +1-925-842-1000 lynn. [email  protected] com Chevron Corporation – HRD Sean Connors Supervisor, Staffing Supervisor Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Corporation Lee Conroy Manager, Information Technology, MidContinent & Alaska Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Corporation Denise Coyne Chief Information Officer, Corporate Department & S ervices CIO Direct: +1-925-842-4100 or +1-925-842-7212 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Kevin Cunningham General Manager, Operations C-Level Corp: +61-8-9216-4000 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Brian Dalzell Manager, Finance Manager Corp: +61-8-9216-4000Chevron Corporation – HRD Janet Duncan HR Business Partner Others Direct: +1-925-842-7739 janet. [email  protected] com Chevron Corporation Gilles Eberhard General Manager, IT Strategy, Planning & Project Management C-Level Corp: +1-925-842-1000 gilles. [email  protected] com Chevron Corporation – HRD Jennifer Edris Team Leader, Human Resources Lead Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Corporate Overview E-Mail [email  protected] com josh. [email  protected] com lee. [email  protected] com 23 Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation Contacts Company First Name Last NameTitle Rank Telephone E-Mail Chevron Corporation Louie Ehrlich President, Chevron Info rmation Technology Company & Chief Information Officer, Chevron Corp CIO Direct: +1-925-790-3412 Chevron Corporation – HRD Helen Fairclough Manager, HR Strategy & Talent Management, Downstream & Chemicals Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Peter Fairclough General Manager, Policy, Government & Public Affairs C-Level Corp: +61-8-9216-4000 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. David Fielder Planning Manager Manager Corp: +61-8-9216-4000 Chevron Corporation Joseph Fielding Manager, Applications Development Manager Corp: +1-925-842-1000