Richard II By Shakespeare Essays - Shakespearean Histories

Richard II By Shakespeare How didst thou sway the theatre! Make us feel The players' wounds were true, and their swords, steel! Nay, stranger yet, how often did I know When the spectators ran to save the blow? Frozen with grief we could not stir away Until the epilogue told us ?twas a play. From the point of view of an actor, playing the part of Bolingbroke or Richard is a daunting task. There are a number of ways in which an actor prepares to assume a character's role, but many of these methods are wanting in certain areas. Despite the fact that both characters are rich in the literary sense, for the purposes of this essay the difficulties facing an actor preparing to play a part can be best served by addressing the needs specific to the role of Richard. The major issue, which is more pronounced in Richard is the necessity of trying to portray certain things directly to the audience while allowing other factors to filter through subtly as the performance continues. This factor is one that should be applauded, when one takes into account the manner in which audiences are treated in the modern theatre. Thankfully Richard II assumes there is an intelligent audience almost participating in the play, but this can lead to even more problems for the actor. Because of it's intellectually stimulating content, the actor must be aware of the fact that the character is being observed even more closely. A believable character must be portrayed or the dramatic impact of the play as a whole will be lost. The technical aspects of a part in a play are normally common throughout every performance. The learning of lines may be easily attained but the style in which they are delivered depends on a number of factors. Firstly, and foremost, the character will have the main influence on the manner in which the lines are spoken. However, this can vary greatly when one considers the huge variations that can result in any play at the behest of the director. Without delving into a debate on whether or not a play should be performed in the style of the time in which it was written, one must acknowledge that a director can very noticeably, or subtly make adjustments to characters and plots which an actor must reflect in their performance. Furthermore, the audience to which the actor is performing must be taken into consideration. Despite the fact that we are not the classless society that we wish to be in the 21st century, there are less class barriers in place than those of 1597. The aristocratic, highly - Christian society of Shakespeare's day differs hugely from our own, and this must be taken into account along with the fact that the modern audience is presumably better educated than their late 16th century counterparts. Finally, the type of stage being used may or may not be an issue for an actor in preparing to portray a character. The Elizabethan stage, such as The Globe would have been in Shakespeare's mind as he wrote, but the huge variety if performance stages today often means certain aspects of a performance must curtailed or expunged upon. Indeed the versatility of many pre - cinema scripts has been demonstrated on the silver screen, none more successfully than the Stratford Bard in recent years. Shakespeare's plays are also recognised for the number of plot undertones that can be discerned upon closer examination. Although not a 1990's phenomena, there has been in the recent past an upsurge in the debate over homosexual devices in Shakespearean plays. While some of these claims do have substance to them, with literature as intense and intricate as Shakespeare's, one can read anything that one desires into it to attain one's goal. Sometimes it is necessary simply to take a play as it stands, rather than questioning every element and deconstructing it into such a level of obscurity as to lose the intentions of the author in the first place. Analysis of a text is a necessary part of an actor's preparation assuming a role, but over-analysis may result in dubious conclusions, which may not work well on the stage, regardless of the manner in which they were met. In Shakespeare's Play in Performance, John Russell Brown contends that the formalist style of acting in the Elizabethan stage "was dying out in Shakespeare's age, and that a new naturalism was the kindling spirit in his theatre". While this does seem like a somewhat sweeping statement,

Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Essay Example

Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Essay Example Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Paper Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Paper Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Nemo Outdoor User Training Course Contents Nemo Outdoor introduction Installation of Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface Features of Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor Introduction Nemo Outdoorâ„ ¢ 5 currently supporting measurements on WiMAX, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, LTE, TD-SCDMA, UMA, CDMA2000, 1xEV-DO, TETRA, cdmaOne, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, DVB-H and WCDMA networks. Nemo Outdoor’s powerful platform is expandable beyond current trends to those of the future, and all of this materializes on one single platform. With Nemo Outdoor you can perform not only drive testing but also QoS and benchmarking (Supporting up to 6 UE simultaneous connection) measurements. Nemo Outdoor’s flexibility further manifests itself in its open log file format which enables the customer to integrate in its optimization processes the use of not only the upscale Anite’s postprocessing tool Nemo Analyzeâ„ ¢, but also those of third-party vendors. Nemo Outdoor supports more than 120 test terminals and scanning receivers. (Eg: Nokia N96, N612x, Qualcomm based Handset and Datacard (Huawei E270, Sierra Wireless Aircard 880, Option Globetrotter HSPA etc) and Scanner (DTI Ex Scanner, Anritsu ML8720 etc)) Nemo Outdoor Highlights I Data collecting all measurement data is recorded on the hard disk while measurements are carried out Real-time graphical presentation and mapping provide straightforward view of the measurement process Provides multiple measurement modes suitable for different purposes Instant Playback feature gives the opportunity to have a quick review of the measurement on the field after collecting data User-friendly menus follow the standard Windows ® Graphical User Interface + audio and bitmap notifications for user-selectable events. Nemo Outdoor Highlights II Nemo Handy binary files (. nbl) can be opened directly via Nemo Outdoor user interface. No need for separate conversion. Nemo File Manager application must be installed in the same computer. Applies only with the file format 2. 0 or higher Support for exporting data to MapInfo format Measurement list can be used without a script file Nemo Outdoor Highlights III Windows Vista/Windows 7 Support With the initial Nemo Outdoor 5 release some of the features are not supported with the Windows Vista operating system due to limitations in the operating system itself. The following parameters and features are not supported: (Please see Release Notes for more information. ) Nemo Outdoor Highlights IV New voice quality parameters Support for WAP content description parameters MMS testing support for Qualcomm-based CDMA terminal SMS testing support for Qualcomm-based CDMA terminal Missing neighbor detection for CDMA Support for new chip window searches with PCTel EVDO scanner Support for sampling ratio configuration with PCTel EX scanners Support for GSM SI and UMTS SIB message decoding with Anritsu and PcTel EX scanners – Support for neighbor list decoding with scanners – Support for missing neighbor detection with scanner only Support for UMTS wideband AMR codec information (Nokia N96) Support for RLC DL block counts with GPRS/EDGE Support for C/I and RX level values per GSM hopping channel with Qualcomm Support for C/I value per GPRS timeslot with Qualcomm Support for BEP measurements with Qualcomm Support for longer audio sample files with USB-based voice quality MMS content location from MMS notification should be stored to the MSGA measurement event Ping rate configuration in milliseconds Installation of Nemo Outdoor Computer Requirements Nemo Outdoor Installation Mobile Driver Installation Computer Requirements PC (IBM/Lenovo Thinkpad or Dell recommended) with Windows ® XP Professional or Windows ® Vista Pentium III processor, minimum 1GHz, preferably 1. 7 GHz for single mobile measurements For multi data measurement s Intel ® Core Duo processor T2500 2. 00GHz recommended For voice quality measurements with USB sound card Intel ® Core Duo processor T2500 2. 0GHz or higher required 512MB RAM minimum, 1GB RAM recommended 100 MB of free hard disk space for installation and use; 1 GB recommended One parallel port or USB port for copy protection module (if applicable) Depending on the mobile used, one USB port or one to two serial ports per mobile Depending on the scanner used, one USB port or one serial port per scanner One serial port for each voice quality audio module One RS232 serial port or USB port for an external GPS receiver Display resolution 1024 x 768 with 256 colors, 1280 x 1024 recommended Internet Explorer 4. 0 or higher for viewing the help file Nemo Outdoor Installation Before the installation: Check the hardware Nemo Outdoor compliant test mobile (provided by Anite Finland Ltd) Connection cables for single system or multisystem GPS receiver Nemo Outdoor copy protection module for parallel port, USB or Software Protection Check the installed software Programs creating Virtual COM ports or Infrared ports may cause problems (e. g. , Nokia Data Suite) Use the latest Operating System updates Nemo Outdoor Installation Installation: You need to have local Administrator rights to install Nemo Outdoor and its optional hardware drivers (e. g. , PCMCIA drivers) Check the latest versions of Nemo software from our web pages at (www. anite. om/nemo)* Install any optional PCMCIA cards if needed Install drivers for the USB to serial converter if needed (Edgeport) Install drivers for the test mobiles if applicable Run the Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor 5. exe file and follow the instructions *Need registration to Nemo User Club Nokia Driver Installation After installing Nemo Outdoor, the driver for the connectivity cable needs to be installed, and the dial-up connection created. Do not connect the USB connectivity cable to your PC until the driver installation is complete. After your computer has restarted, connect the connectivity cable to the mobile and the other end to the computer’s USB port. Windows will detect the new hardware automatically and start the installation. The step is repeated several times until all new hardware is added. After installation you should see several devices under communication devices depending on the test terminal connected Check the modem port numbers, as you will need this information later on. Instructions on how to make a dial-up connection, read the Dial-Up Networking Setup Guide. Nokia Driver Installation After the hardware is installed, go to Modems. Select one of the modems. Then select Properties/ Advanced. Type †atz† to the Extra Initialization Ccmmands field. By using the †atz† command,the QoS settings used by Nemo Outdoor will be used. You need to define this command at least for the modem that will be used with the dialup connection. Sierra AirCard Driver Installation The driver for the AirCard needs to be installed. After installation you should see several devices under communication devices depending on the test terminal connected Select Phone and TM7200 Compatible from the list. Click Next. In Phone Properties Window, set: Trace Port = Sierra Wireless DM Port, Modem, Port = Sierra Wireless AT Command Port, Dial-up connection = Click the OK button. Garmin Oregon 300 Driver Installation The driver for the Garmin Oregon 300 needs to be installed using Spanner software. After installation you should see the program pop up. Plug in the GPS and click on the Find GPS button Then configure the Virtual Serial Ports for used with Nemo Outdoor. Nemo Outdoor Configuration Configuring Nemo Outdoor Adding devices Phone properties Mobile Measurement properties Scanner properties GPS properties Workspace and Device configuration files Configuring Nemo Outdoor There are three ways to configure Nemo Outdoor: The Welcome page offers an easy start-up of the system An older user may want to use the Load Device Configuration dialog box It is also possible to configure Nemo Outdoor manually Configuring Nemo Outdoor through Welcome page The Nemo Outdoor Welcome page offers an easy way to configure the system for a first-time user, and also helps more advanced users to add new devices. With the Automatic device detection functionality in the Create New Device Configuration tool, you can automatically add devices to Nemo Outdoor without needing to manually set up the system. In the Open a Device Configuration tool you can select saved device The Load a Measurement tool enables you to open a configurations previously viewed measurement with the attached devices for playback Adding Mobile Device If you want to configure Nemo Outdoor manually, close the Welcome page or Load Device Configuration dialog box when you start Nemo Outdoor. Connect all device components Check the settings of each port to which the component is connected Start Nemo Outdoor software Open: Configuration Manager, under Devices You can add ( ) and remove( ). Or select Measurement/ Add New Device All installed Handlers are listed here under Handler Information Phone Properties Phone Properties: The field at the top displays the device type and model. Below that field is a field displaying the current status of the device. The Label field allows you to give a label such as a comment or a name for the phone, and makes it easier to identify devices during measurement and post processing. Trace Port defines the port where the trace element of the mobile adapter cable is connected. Modem Port defines the port where the data element of the mobile adapter cable is connected. Packet Switched Dial-Up Connection list box gives a list of all the dial-up connections that have been configured on your computer Mobile Measurement Properties – General Network Name field can be used for stating the friendly name for the network (operator) that Nemo Outdoor is measuring. BTS File defines the base station file that will be displayed on the map. Advanced button opens up the Advanced Properties dialog where you can enable and disable various measurement options. Mobile Measurement Properties – Configuration By clicking on the Measurement Properties button in the Phone Properties/Scanner Properties dialog you will enter the Configuration tab in the Measurement Properties dialog Voice Number defines the phone number to which voice calls will be made. Data Number defines the phone number to which data calls will be made. Video Number defines the phone number to which video calls will be made. PDP Context Properties/Packet Call Properties button opens the PDP Context Settings dialog. Data Protocol Properties defines which data protocol is used to perform packet transfers. POC Testing Properties button opens the POC Session Properties dialog. SMS Testing Properties button opens the SMS Testing dialog. MMS Testing Properties button opens the PDP Context Settings dialog. Mobile Measurement Properties – Notifications The table displays a list of notifications that can be activated for the selected device. Select the notification from the list and select how you would like to be notified. Mobile Measurement Properties – Notifications User-selectable call trigger points According to Nemo call events According to ETSI Selected option is used e. g. when running the script files Mobile Measurement Properties – Notifications To make user-configurable notifications: Open the Notifications dialog (Configuration Manager, Notifications, click on properties) and click Add. In the Notification Criteria dialog, define the notification criteria and click OK. In the Notifications dialog, select the notification that you just created. Define sound and bitmap files for the notification and activate them by selecting the check boxes in the notifications table. Click OK to save the settings. Mobile Measurement Properties – Script Script File is used to configure Nemo Outdoor to generate test calls according to a user-defined script. You can select an existing file or you can also create a new script file or edit the existing one by clicking the Edit button. Click the Script Editor button to access the Script Editor for editing and creating scripts. Mobile Measurement Properties – Script Editor The field in the middle shows a list of all the functions and parameters that will be executed during a measurement. You can choose any of the items in the list that opens when you click the Add button. The selected item will be added to the script. Modify can be used to edit an existing script. Repeat Script value defines how many times the script will be repeated during the measurements. The range of repeat script values is from 1 to 10,000. Save the file with the existing name or if the script is a new one, opens a dialog box for inserting the file name. Save As opens a dialog box for inserting a new file name. Close exits the dialog box. Scanning Measurements Nemo Outdoor Frequency Scan mode is designed for frequency planning of an existing digital network, for example, for tuning and interference measurement purposes. Adding Scanner Device The Device information field displays the device type and model. In the Label field you can define a suitable label for the device. Port refers to the port to which the scanner is connected. Baud Rate refers to the communication speed. Antenna Gain and Cable Loss are antenna-related parameters and they are used in the conversion from dBm to dBuV/m by some radio network planning tools. CDMA Scanner Measurement Properties – General Support for new chip window searches with PCTel EV-DO scanner – Pilot window search Standard Very wide Wide Aggregate Ec/Io-Standard Window Search Mode: All Ec/Io values at or above the PN Threshold for a given PNoffset i. e pilot number (inside the search window selected) are summed and returned in the Aggregate Ec/Io field. Wide or Very Wide Window Search Mode: Measured in 64 chips size window centered around Peak Ec/Io with regard to user requested PN threshold Scanner Measurement Properties General Support for GSM SI and UMTS SIB message decoding with Anritsu and PcTel EX scanners – By selecting System Information decoding, L3 messages are written to log file – By selecting SIB decoding, SIB messages are written to log file – By selecting neighbor list decoding NLIST event is written to log file for both GSM and WCDMA – By selecting missing neighbor detection, missing neighbor information is written to log file (NMISS event). Missing neighbor information can be seen e. g. on table grid UMTS Scanner Measurement Properties General In UMTS systems, different parameters in the scanner dialog box will be activated when operating in frequency scanning mode (also known as CW mode) or in pilot scanning mode. Measurement Mode defines whether frequency scanning or pilot scanning is used. Network Name field can be used for stating the friendly name for the network (operator) that Nemo Outdoor is measuring. Advanced button opens up the Advanced Properties dialog box. Channel Configuration button will open either the Channel Configuration dialog box or the Select Channels dialog box. Measurement Period defines the time in milliseconds for which the scanner measures and then reports the result. UMTS Channel Configuration Frequency Scanning Mode Nemo Outdoor Frequency Scan mode is designed for basic frequency domain monitoring or spectrum analysis. The scanning receiver can be used in variable bandwidth modes to check the existence of wanted or unwanted radio signals in the defined frequency band. By using this mode, all the user-selected carrier frequencies of the current wireless system and their field strength values can be observed. To add channels to the Selected list, click on a number in the Available list and then click the Add button or simply double-click a channel to add it to the Selected list. To remove channels from the Selected list, click on the channel you want to remove and then click the Remove button or double-click the channel. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode Frequency Channels table provides a list of channels that have been selected for scanning. Scrambling Codes table provides a list of pilots for the selected channels that have been selected for scanning. TOP-N Mode check box enables/disables TOP-N pilot scanning. If enabled, scanner will report results from N best scrambling codes. To improve on the accuracy of radio propagation models, High Speed mode makes it possible to acquire more samples (max 32 pilots per channel), while High Dynamic mode offers fewer samples (max 16 pilots per channel) with a larger dynamic range. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode Data processing method defines how the scanned data is processed by the scanner. In aggregate method, the sum of all peak pilot Ec/Io values above the PN threshold is calculated. If there are no peaks above the PN threshold, value -30 dB is returned for WCDMA. CPICH Ec/N0 threshold defines the power that is included to find delay spread. Number of fingers defines the maximum number of fingers used for RAKE in measurement. Rake threshold determines a valid path (in dB). Pilot sampling ratio option is available for WCDMA pilot scanning mode and for PCTEL EX scanners only. The available options are 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8. With ratio 1:1 all samples (Pilotscan events) are logged, with ratio 1:2 every second sample is logged etc etc. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode Delay profile defines from which scrambling code or channel the delay profile is measured. Timeslot Scan checkbox enables or disables timeslot scanning. Delay Profile and Pilot Number define from which pilot the delay profile is measured. P-SCH defines if the selected scanner will measure the P-SCH Ec/N0 value for each pilot. S-SCH defines if the selected scanner will measure the S-SCH Ec/N0 value for each pilot. Time of Arrival defines if the selected scanner will measure the time of arrival for each pilot. Delay Spread Measurement defines if the selected scanner will also measure the delay spread value (in chips) for each scanned pilot. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode SIR (signal to interference ratio) defines if the selected scanner will measure the SIR value for each pilot. Finger check box enables and disables Finger measurements. SIB decoding option is available for Anritsu and PCTEL EX scanners. When the Neighbor list decoding option is selected, the NLIST (neighbor list) event is written in the log file. When the Missing neighbor detection option is selected, the missing neighbor information event (NMISS) is written in the log file. Uplink interference check box enables and disables uplink interference decoding for the scanner. Available for scanners that support BCH demodulation. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode In the TOP-N Search Configuration page you can limit the search performed by the scanner and consequently speed up the search. (Note that the PCTEL EX WCDMA scanner only supports the TOP-N mode. You can select up to 32 pilots for scanning. ) Group specifies the group number for the primary scrambling code in the range of 0 to 63. Cell specifies the cell number for the primary scrambling code in the range of 0 to 7. Secondary code specifies the secondary scrambling code. Limit range should be set from 0 to 0. Channelization code specifies the channelization code. Search method defines how the search is performed. P-CPICH (primary common pilot channel) searches with P-CPICH. SCH performs a three-step search with P-SCH and S-SCH. GSM Scanner Measurement Properties General Network name field can be used for stating the friendly name for the network (operator) that Nemo Outdoor is measuring. Channel style defines the style of the measured channel. For GSM the options are 200 kHz and 30 kHz narrow. Channel configuration is to access the dialog box where you select the channels that will be scanned. Sample size defines the number of samples taken from each channel before a measurement result is written to file. BSIC decoding check box should be selected to display BSIC value in the Frequency Scanner window. BSIC threshold defines the minimum BSIC level that the scanner reports. BCCH C/I check box activates C/I measurements for the BCCH channel. (This option is available with the PcTel GSM scanner only. ) GSM Scanner Measurement Properties General Cell information decoding. Mobile Network Code, Mobile Country Code and Cell ID information can be decoded from BCCH messages. (Note that this is only enabled in online mode and if the option has been purchased with the scanner. ) When the System information decoding option is selected, L3 messages are written in the log file. Data mode defines the type of measurement data computed from each sample. Note that the available selection depends on the scanner type. RX Level Average: the data reported is the average RX level, in dB, of the number of samples. ) Adding GPS Device In the Label field you can define a label for the GPS device, for example, a name or a usage purpose, making it easier to identify devices during measurement and post proces sing. Serial Port refers to the port to which the GPS receiver is connected. Baud Rate refers to the communication speed. The available values are 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600. Data Bits, Parity, and Stop Bits are communication-related parameters. (These values should be set as the same in your GPS. Check your GPS receiver documentation. ) Workspace and Device Configuration Files All settings change to Devices and Workspace can be saved and reuse. With the settings saved, you do not need to reconfigure the Measurement devices the next time Nemo Outdoor is started up. The Devices settings is saved as . hwcx The Workspace settings is saved as . worx Introduction to the Graphical User Interface Main window Device information window Output, Script and Status Bar Toolbar Graphs Grids User Interface properties Custom window Maps Main Window The windows in Nemo Outdoor are highly user configurable. Different network parameters and events can be viewed as line graphs, bars, and dots. To make the measuring process easier for first-time users, Nemo Outdoor offers some ready-made custom windows that include some essential windows for specific types of measuring. The users are also able to make their own custom windows and save them for later use. The Output, Device Info, and Script Status windows can be hidden automatically so that they only slide out in view when you move the mouse cursor on top of the tab labelling the hidden window. Device information window The Devices information window displays some device-specific information. The field at the top of the window displays the device status. The green light at the upper right corner is blinking whenever the device is active and connected. The Expand Device Info Window button displays/hides the window. The Notification button displays the notification properties. The Device Command button control how the UE response. The Device Setting button let you change all the settings for the device. Output, Script and Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of the Nemo Outdoor window gives you variable information depending on the operations you are performing. There is also a time slider which you can use to jump into certain points in the measurement. The Output window displays program messages and textual notifications. Icons next to the timestamps clarify the type of message or notification in question. From the Script Status window you can follow the progress of the script file used in the current measurement. Toolbar The buttons on the Toolbar is a shortcut for quick access to common functions for use in Nemo Outdoor Graphs Grids There are two types of graphs: line and bar. There are some premade custom windows of each graph type that offer easy access to relevant network parameters. Support for numeric data labels in the bar graph Graphs Grids There are three types of grids: Events, Parameters and Table. The grid tables offer you useful information about measurement events, such as statistics from the current measurement, QoS parameters, and Layer messages (the selection depends on the technology measured). Graphs Grids Within the grid tables, there is a filter function that help user to quick search relevant information within the messages. Graphs Grids To make grids more clear, you can colorize certain events in a grid based on the event name or event ID. Right-click on a grid, and select Configure Colors from the popup menu. If you want to colorize the background, select Call events (Event name) in the Background Color Set field and select (none) in the Text Color Set field. Alternatively, if you want to colorize only the text in the grid, select Call Events (Event name) in the Text Color Set field from the drop-down menu and select (none) in the Background Color Set field. (Note that the contents of the Grid Color Configuration dialog box depend on which columns have been selected in the Grid Properties dialog box. ) Graphs Grids The User Parameters function allows you to specify parameters from layer messages that will be automatically decoded and the values displayed in the Device Info window or in graphs. Click the User Parameters button in the Grid Properties dialog to access the User Parameters dialog. Graphs Grids Within the Message event, you are also able to export selective messages to text file either by their header or the decoded messages text. Decoded text Text User Interface Properties The user interface (UI) of Nemo Outdoor is very flexible so that you can configure the windows and graphs to serve your needs. User Interface Properties Workbook Data window area (red) Parameters can be dragged and dropped to data windows Control window areas (blue) Data and control windows cannot be mixed. For example, the Parameter tree window cannot be added to the data window area User Interface Properties Workbook Windows can be moved/ adjusted by dragging and dropping Control windows can be also moved and adjusted User Interface Properties Workbook Control windows can be also moved and adjusted. Both parameter and device info windows are shown in the same window In the example parameter tree and device info window are merged and view can be changed by clicking tab buttons User Interface Graphs Graphs Filled area graph type Support for horizontal bar graphs Automatic default zoom for bar graph windows Notifications for 2G/3G cell re. Only those Packet Timeslot reconfigure messages are shown having MCS-9 coding User Interface Properties Workbook The following settings can be exported/ imported: Call scripts Color sets (e. g. Between Nemo Analyze/ Nemo Outdoor) Custom views (custom windows) Device configuration (Note: port settings can be different between computers) Notifications Workspaces User Interface Properties General Buffer Size specifies the number of events stored in the history buffer of the user interface. Save workspace settings on exit option defines whether the workspace settings are saved when you exit the SW. Start recording automatically check box enables Nemo Outdoor to start recording automatically at startup. Show report check box should be selected to display a summary of all test calls after the measurement is ended. Show Pause dialog check box should be selected to display a message when the measurement has been paused. Show a dialog for critical errors check box should be selected to display a message box when there is a problem. Open Script Status window check box should be selected to automatically open the Script Status window when used in measurements. Play audio quality samples check box should be selected to play the audio samples used in audio quality measurements. When the Show welcome window item is selected, the Welcome to Nemo Outdoor window is displayed. Show ‘Stop Recording Query’ dialog item selected, a dialog box will appears at the end of the measurement. User Interface Properties – Measurement Filename defines the filename format. The default format is %y%b%d %H%M%S (year-month-day hours-minutesseconds. With Start scripts automatically option, you can order Nemo Outdoor to start executing the script file when you click the Start Recording button in the main window. Force idle mode when stopping scripts option forces the measurement mobile to return to idle mode if the script is interrupted. Stop measurement after script is finished option forces Nemo Outdoor to stop recording after the script is finished. Use time from GPS option orders Nemo Outdoor to use GPS time at the start of the measurement. Wait for GPS fix before starting measurement option forces Nemo Outdoor to start measuring only after there is a GPS fix. Redial after dropped call option enables Nemo Outdoor to make a new call if a call is dropped during measurements. Remove all forcing functions when device is started option deactivates all forcing functions from the device when the device is started. User Interface Properties Paths In the Paths tab you can define locations for different files. In the picture above, you can see the default values. To change the default paths, click on the †¦ button and browse for a new location. User Interface Properties Presentation In the Presentation tab you can define the format in which various parameter values are presented. User Interface Properties Color In the Colors page you can define colors used for devices, graph lines, and map routes. The first eight colors are reserved for devices. The other colors are used to draw graph lines and map routes. To make new palettes, click the New button, type a name for the new palette, and define all the colors. To change the palette, select a palette from the Color palette list. Custom Windows The custom windows are grouped under the corresponding graph and grid types. You can also browse for the existing custom windows through the Open Custom Window dialog box. You can also save your own custom windows. When you have set up a graph view that you would like to use later on, activate the window that you would like to save and select Data | Save as Custom Window. Maps If you have a GPS receiver connected to the test system, the current location of the test vehicle will be displayed on the map. You can observe the values of certain network parameters from the route coloring on the map. You can define which color refers to which parameter value. This way it is easy to spot the problem areas on a map. Maps User Interface I Possibility to measure distance between multiple points with measurement distance tool in map. Total distance shown Possible to draw circle Support for displaying any textual parameters with route line in Map window Maps User Interface II Support for drawing lines to missing neighbor cells in the Map window – Line thickness and color can be selected by user Support for exporting/importing route plans Route plan waypoints should be connected with an arrow instead of a line to indicate correct driving direction Support for cell range information in the BTS file Maps – User interface III Support for TAB-separated BTS files Support for device labels in the map window route lines Indoor map window have layer and color legend panes Maps – BTS I With BTS file support, you will be able to import Nemo BTS File onto Nemo Outdoor and show it direct to the Map. Nemo Outdoor can also link up the active and monitored cells via line drawn to the BTS displayed In the Layer view in the map side panel, click on Add BTS File, or right-click on the measurement layer and select Add BTS File. Right-click on the measurement layer in the map side panel again, and select Properties | Base stations. Select the Draw line to active base station, and Draw line(s) to neighbor cell(s) check boxes. Maps – BTS II Support for BTS icon coloring with color set Cell search in map window based on BTS parameters Color set for RRC State Support for Google earth maps. The following information can be exported: Route with certain parameter Notifications Cell site information Maps – MapX properties These settings can be saved in a MapInfo Geoset file by clicking the Save Map button in the Map window. To later open the . gst file, click the Open Map button, select MapInfo Geoset file in the Files of Type listbox, and select a file from the list. If you are using MapInfo ® maps, you can define the appearance of the map even further by clicking the MapX Properties button in the Map Configuration dialog box. In the Layers tab the table shows a list of the current layers. Maps – Color set Editor You can access the Color Set Editor by clicking the Edit Color Set button in the Route Properties | Color dialog. With the Color Set Editor you can define and name color sets to be used in maps and grids. In the Color Set Editor dialog you will see a list of all existing color sets. You can sort the color sets by selecting the type (Type field). You can also search for a color set by its name (Name field). To edit an existing color set, double-click on the color set. Maps Exporting data to MapInfo format User can drag and drop parameters from parameters tree to event window After selecting all parameters conversion can be started from menu Save/ Mapinfo tab file User can highlight all events or only specific events Different symbols can be selected for each parameter Nemo Outdoor generates . DAT, . ID, . MAP and . TAB files Files can be opened with MapInfo application Indoor files are not supported at the moment Exporting supported with single file at the moment Maps – Google Map Support It is possible to export a map with measurement route, colors based on selected parameter, notifications, and base station information to Google Earth . kml file. (The Google Earth application needs to be installed for viewing the file. ) Click on the Export to Google Earth toolbar button in the map window. Maps – Indoor Nemo Outdoor has an indoor measurement option in which case Nemo Outdoor can be installed on a Tablet PC. Alternatively normal laptop can be used as well. As GPS receivers cannot be used indoors, the indoor option offers a marker function to store location data. Just click markers along the measurement route and the route will be drawn on the map. You can use floorplans as maps. Maps – Indoor Open a floorplan by selecting Data | Indoor | New and click the Open Map button. To view a route on the floorplan you must have a marker file (. mrk) attached to the measurement file (. nmf). To move the markers on the map, select a marker in the Markers | Index field, click on Move and select a new destination for the marker. Maps – Indoor You can import your own bitmap files to Nemo Outdoor and use them as maps. Click the Import Map button in the map toolbar or select Import Map from the popup menu. The Map Import Parameters dialog box is opened. In order for the map and route drawing to function correctly, you must define some map settings. Either define the dimensions in meters of the area visible on the map or define the GPS coordinates of the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the map area. Features of Nemo Outdoor Manual / Automated mode Channel Lock/ Scr. Code Lock Band Lock Cell Barring Timeslot Testing Missing Neighbor Detection Measurement list Data Measurement SMS/MMS Measurement Log File PlayBack Manual / Automated mode Manual mode is based on the user establishing a data transfer connection or making voice calls. This mode is useful, when user wants to make a single continuous data transfer session or a voice call to monitor the resource allocation and cell reselection performance. This mode requires the user to control phones with Nemo Outdoor. The user can also use the mobile keyboard to establish voice calls or data calls. In automated mode Script files can be used to automate testing. The Script file specifies how the phone will establish data connections or make phone calls, for example, the phone number to call, call duration, number of repetitions, and the delay between calls. The Script editor is used to generate the scripts. Manual Mode Under Manual Mode, you can control the functions of the UE by way of the Device command under the Device info panel. Under the Device Commands button, you will find the menu. The commands will be activated depending on the type of test mobile you are using. If your test mobile supports only voice calls, then only the first item is activated. Automated mode Under the Script item you will find premade scripts and user-defined scripts. Scripts can be used to perform measurements automatically instead of erforming manual calls or data transfers. Double-click any of the scripts under the Scripts item to open the Script Editor dialog box. In order to select a script file to be used in a measurement, click the Device Settings button in the Device View window and select Script Properties. Automated mode – Synchronize Script Repeat Useful with multi configurations e. g. when benchmarking different networks. Option can be selected from Configuration Manager/ Measurement. All mobiles start new data transfer or voice call always simultaneously. Number of data transfers attempts or call attempts etc. are equal - statistics results are easy to compare. Automated mode – Without Synchronize Script Repeat Without script Repeat Synchronized, all mobiles will start new data transfer or voice call after the failure. Automated mode – Time-based loop wait commands Support for time-based loop and wait commands in the scripts Loops can be repeated until user defined time or wait till certain time Channel Lock/ Scr. Code Lock You can lock GSM and UMTS test mobiles to a channel and/or scrambling code during the measurement process. Note that even though you are locking the mobile to a certain channel in idle mode, you are actually locking the mobile only to the base station supporting that channel at that moment if you make a call. As the base station can carry several channels simultaneously, the connection can be established or handed over to another channel but not to another base station. In other words, the channel used cannot be totally controlled by the mobile as the system will assign the channel. Band Lock You can use band locking if you want to compare how the network functions with different bands and systems. Using the Band Locking dialog box, you can force the mobile to use only one band or system at a time. You can open the Band Locking dialog box by clicking the Device Settings button and choosing Band Lock from the menu. Cell Barring With the Nemo Outdoor measurement mobiles you can also access barred cells. During the measurement you can select if you wish to access only those cells that are accessible to all end users (Accept), all cells; that is, also cells that are barred (Ignore), and only barred cells (Reverse). The Cell Barring dialog box is accessed by clicking the Device Settings button in the Device Info window of the appropriate mobile and selecting Cell Barring. You can also select Measurement | | Cell Barring. Time Slot Testing With Nemo Outdoor it is possible to test the time slots of any particular channel. After the test has been completed, Nemo Outdoor generates a . tst file with the test results in the Nemo ToolsNemo Outdoor folder. Select Measurement | | Timeslot Testing and the Timeslot Test Configuration dialog box is opened. Phone Number defines the test call number. This must be a valid number. Run Test Until Completed option keeps the test running until all the timeslots have been tested. (Note that if you select the Run Test Until Completed option, the test may continue indefinitely. Click the Stop Testing button to interrupt the timeslot test. ) In the Channel Settings | BCCH channel you define the Channel (BCCH) that you want to test. Timeslots used by BCCH refers to the timeslots that are used for system messaging and therefore cannot be accessed with mobiles. Time Slot Testing On the Test results page you can view the progress of the test. Selecting timeslots will exclude them from the test. Green color indicates channels and their timeslots that have been called, and the number in the slot the number of calls made in that timeslot. In the table you can see a list of all the TCHs of the selected channel and their timeslots. There is a yellow frame around the timeslot that was accessed during the previous call. Those white timeslots that were not tested will turn red. This happens, for example, if the user stops the testing. The Number of Call Attempts field tells how many calls have been made so far. Click the Stop testing button to interrupt the timeslot test. Cell Test Feature for GSM/UMTS Also called †sleeping cell detection†. UE is automatically locked to neighboring cells and the test call is made. Useful also in high traffic areas as surrounding cells can be tested from one location Test cases: Voice call, packet call or both Adjustable RX level and Ec/N0 thresholds Results can be stored in a file Test results seen also in the UI C/I values for Hopping channels Support for C/I and RX level values per GSM hopping channel with Qualcomm Support for C/I value per GPRS timeslot with Qualcomm Missing Neighbor Detection With Nemo Outdoor you can perform real-time missing neighbor detection. For this you will need a GSM/UMTS scanner or a GSM/UMTS scanner and a GSM/UMTS mobile. If you are performing missing neighbor detection with a scanner only, the scanner needs either of the following options enabled: GSM Layer 3 or GSM/WCDMA decoding. ) A scanner scans all possible pilots whereas a mobile scans only channels that are on its neighbor list. Nemo Outdoor compares these two measurements and, based on the dat a, reports the neighbor channels that are seen by the scanner but are not in the mobiles neighbor list. From Measurement | , select Missing Neighbor to open the following dialog box. The field displays the scanner(s) used. Click Enable to start the missing neighbor detection. Scanning and HO Forcing Functions GSM scanning ARFCN BSIC RX level WCDMA scanning (pilot) UARFCN Scrambling code CPICH Ec/N0 CPICH RSCP I Frequency Scanning Sample Rates WCDMA scanning: 2100 band, 4 carriers ~16 sec. (max 240 ms / detected cell) GSM scanning: 900+1800 band, all channels 4min 30 sec (with BSIC detection), 29 sec (without BSIC detection) Suitable for stationary or low velocity scanning Scanning and HO Forcing Functions HO forcing 2G- 2G, 3G- 3G BCCH/ ARFCN must be defined UARFCN and Scr. Code must be defined II UE makes single HO to specified cell, returns back to the original cell Measurement list Measurement lists enable you to run automated measurements with several devices combining multiple scripts. You can use measurement lists with just one device to run several scripts one after another. Each measurement is recorded in a separate file. You can also use measurement lists in idle mode. Scheduled measurements displays a list of measurements that will be run when the measurement list is started. More Filename defines the filename format. The default format is %y%b%d %H%M%S Measurement completion defines when the measurement list is finished. More Devices table displays a list of devices connected to Nemo Outdoor. Script file defines the script file used in the measurement. Click the Script Editor button to edit the selected script. Properties opens the Measurement Properties Script dialog. Data Measurements With mobiles supporting CS and PS data you can make data transfers. In Nemo Outdoor, you have several options for making data transfers: you can use the FTP, HTTP, POP3, SMTP, WAP, Streaming, ICMP Ping or Iperf (TCP/UDP). The Nemo Outdoor Multi device enables multiple simultaneous data connections. Each data transfer needs to be set up and configured individually. Data Measurements – FTP Nemo Outdoor has an integrated FTP client, which can be used to measure data transfer rates between Nemo Outdoor and the FTP server. The server can be any standard FTP server. Current data throughput and transferred data size are reported during transfer. The FTP module supports firewall-friendly passive mode transfers. Normally when a data transfer is initialized, the server opens a new connection to the client and then data is transferred through this connection. Some firewalls may be configured to refuse any incoming connection requests, and in that case the data transfer would fail. With passive mode, the client always opens those new connections so the firewall does not block the connection. Data Measurements – FTP (Support for Multiple Simultaneous Data Transfers with one Device) I Possible to run multiple data transfers simultaneously with one device (within one PDP context). E. g. imultaneous DL/ UL or several DL data transfers Multiple simultaneously data testing can be done using script files Status of each data transfer is seen during measurement and playback Data Measurements – FTP (Support for Multiple Simultaneous Data Transfers with one Device) II Application rate is reported separately for each transfe rs including data transfer context ID RLC rate and PPP rate gives over all information on the total throughput over the network Data Measurements – HTTP The HTTP testing functionality offers the possibility to test how data is transferred through the HTTP protocol. Data Measurements POP3/SMTP POP3 and SMTP testing offers the possibility to send emails through Nemo Outdoor and to monitor how the message is transferred. POP3 protocol is used for receiving emails and SMTP protocol for sending emails. Data Measurements – WAP The WAP testing functionality offers the possibility to test how data is transferred through the WAP protocol. Data Measurements – Streaming Quality The Streaming testing functionality offers the possibility to test how data is transferred through the streaming. To make video streaming quality measurements, IP packet capturing must be enabled. Data Measurements – ICMP Ping I The ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Ping functionality allows you to perform ping measurements simultaneously with data transfers. Data Measurements – ICMP Ping II Ping rate configuration in milliseconds instead of seconds Delay between request: Protocol always waits reply before sending new request. If delay is less than ping delay new request is sent immediately after reply Delay from reply to request: New ping is sent after reply is received Example: RTT time is 100ms and â€Å"delay from reply to request† is set to 1 s. New request is sent every 1. 1s (100ms + 1000ms). If â€Å"delay between request† is selected new request is sent every 1000ms Example: RTT time is 100ms and â€Å"delay from reply to request† is set to 50ms. New request is sent every 150ms (100ms + 50ms). If â€Å"delay between request† is selected new request is sent every 100ms because protocol always wait reply before sending new request Data Measurements – Iperf (TCP/UDP) Iperf is a commonly used network testing tool that can create TCP and UDP data streams and measure the throughput of a network that is carrying them. SMS Measurements SMS testing allows you to monitor how text messages are transferred in the network. Open the SMS Testing dialog box by clicking the SMS Testing Properties button in the Measurement Properties, Configuration tab (Measurement | | Measurement Properties | Configuration tab). You can view from a grid window if the test message was delivered successfully. Open an event grid (Data | Events Grid | New). Open the Grid Properties dialog box (right-click on the grid and select Properties from the popup menu). Clear all selections and expand the GSM item. Clear all selections and select the Short Message Service item and click OK. The grid will now display only the selected SMS testing-related events. MMS Measurements MMS testing allows you to monitor how multimedia messages are transferred in the network. In addition to successfully sent/received MMS messages, also sending/receiving attempts and sending/receiving failures are recorded enabling statistical success rate calculations. Nemo Outdoor measures total MMS sending delay. Also separate delays from Attach, PDP context activation, logging to MMSC, and message sending/receiving are recorded. In order to be able to make MMS measurements, you will need to define some MMS-related settings in the PDP Context Settings dialog box. New Voice Quality Parameters I New Voice quality parameters – Audio quality speech activity – Audio quality mean delay – Audio quality min delay – Audio quality max delay – Audio quality standard deviation delay – Audio quality SNR – Audio quality insertion gain – Audio quality noise gain All parameters values are calculated over the length of the input files (received sample file) or difference between reference and degraded sample files New Voice Quality Parameters II Audio quality speech activity – Speech activity ratio of received sample in percentages (%) – P. 862 states that the speech activity in a test signal reference and degraded to be used with PESQ should be between 40% and 80%. A low speech activity could cause the PESQ score to be inaccurate. Although the typical speech activity for a test signal can vary depending on the language used in the signal Activity ratio ; 85% -; backround noise etc. Activity ratio ; 35% -; silent call or lost audio information – Muting of a signal typically occurs when an error concealment algorithm at a receiver has insufficient information to replace missing or corrupted data audio quality mean delay New Voice Quality Parameters III Delays measurements – Frame-by-frame delay is the delay measure used in calculating the PESQ quality score. Utterances are broken up into frames of 32 ms duration. Frames use a window function that gives greater weight to the central 16ms of each frame, and there is an overlap between successive frames of 50%. Effectively, therefore, each frame is 16ms long; this can be thought of as â€Å"sampling† the values every 16ms. PESQ calculates the delay in each frame, based on the nearest utterance. Because it models the processing used in PESQ, the frame-by-frame delay is the best way of tracking how delay varies during the signal. Delay changes are most likely to be caused by jitter (unwanted variation) buffer adaptation in VoIP telephony edge devices. This adaptations occur when there is a large change in the jitter on an IP network. As jitter on the VoIP network increases, the delay measured by PESQ Tools will typically increase as the jitter buffer grows in size. As the jitter decreases, the delay measured will typically decrease as the jitter buffer decreases in size. Figure 6 plots the frameby-frame delay for the same condition as shown in Figure 13. – Average values calculated over the length of the input files (received sample file) New Voice Quality Parameters IV Audio quality min delay – Min delay of received audio sample in milliseconds Audio quality max delay – Max delay of received audio sample in milliseconds Audio quality standard deviation delay – Standard deviation of delay of received audio sample in milliseconds – Typical values in range 0 to 0. 1 (0 to 100ms) (for a VoIP system with very bad jitter), but values can be larger New Voice Quality Parameters V Audio quality SNR – Audio quality Signal to Noise ratio of received sample – SNR measures the speech stream’s signal strength relative to background noise. (The relative loudness of speech to noise). The higher the signal to noise ratio, the better the possible listening quality. SNR is measured in decibels (dB). An SNR value of 20 dB can begin to impair conversational quality – Typical value 45dB. Range from 10 to 60dB – Value is shown as n/a with 4s sample -; requires longer sample file New Voice Quality Parameters VI Audio quality insertion gain – Gain calculated for active signal in active periods. dB difference between active signal of reference and degraded signals. (Calculated as of degraded minus of reference signal) – Typical value 0 (digital), -12 (analog) Audio quality noise gain – Gain calculated for noise in silent periods. B difference between mean noise level of reference and degraded signals (Calculated as of degraded minus of reference signal) Insertion / noise gain (dB) has typical range –20 dB to 20dB Typical value is –6dB New Video Streaming Quality Parameters I Available parameters: Video codec V ideo frame rate Video protocol Video quality degradation due to compression Video quality MOS Video quality MOS degradatation Video quality jitter Video quality packet error rate Video quality degradation due to packet errors Video quality type Video preview can be seen during the measurement Video Streaming Quality KPI Definitions Video codec: Displays the video codec used in the container format. Usually this is H. 263, H. 263+, H. 64 (MPEG4 Part 10) or MPEG4 Visual (MPEG4 Part 2) when streaming mobile content Video frame rate: Shows how many picture frames are being displayed within one second. The result is equivalent to FPS (frames per second), which is usually around 10 with mobile content. For example, when viewing a normal DVD, the FPS is 23. 976 with NTSC and 25 with PAL Video protocol: Shows which protocol is used to transfer the file through a network. This version of PVI is calibrated with RealPlayer and supports mostly RTP (Real Time Protocol). RDT streams can be pla ybacked, but diagnostics are not available. Streams with RDT protocol are displayed as Unknown/Not supported Video quality type: Type of video quality measurement used. With video streaming, this should always be Psytechnics PVI streaming qualityâ€Å" Video quality MOS: Video quality is measured passively from media streams carried over packet-based networks. Things that affect quality are delay variations, packet losses and other distortions which may be visible in the video. Also factors like the video codec itself are included in the final result. However, end-to-end and round-trip delays are not taken into account. Video quality is normally displayed as MOS (Mean Opinion Score), which is expressed as a single number. The range varies from 1 to 5, where 1 is poor/annoying quality and 5 is perfect. Usually MOS value does not reach value 5, but somewhere around 3-4 as the maximum Video quality jitter: Jitter is the delay variation of the streaming process. It shows the delay of received UDP datagrams that holds the video data. If the delay is too large, video will not play seamlessly Video quality packet error rate: Displays the rate of lost packets between the last and the current request. UDP protocol does not require that all packets have arrived to the client. That is why some packets might lost during the transfer, because of bad network or long delay variations (jitter) Video quality MOS degradation: This is the current video quality difference compared to a perfect network Video quality degradation due to packet errors: The current proportion of current quality degradation that is due to packet loss. Shows how much packet loss has affected to the current quality loss Video quality degradation due to compression: Proportion of current quality degradation that is due to video compression. Shows how much video compression has affected to the current quality loss Ending Measurements The measurement is being recorded when a REC text appears in the upper right corner of the main window. Follow these instructions to stop the measurement. If you are using a script to perform the measurement, you can either wait until the script file has been executed or interrupt the script either by selecting Measurement | Stop Script or by clicking the Stop button on the toolbar. If you are performing measurements manually, the measurement process is terminated either by selecting Measurement | Stop or by clicking the Stop button on the toolbar. In both alternatives, the Stop button on the toolbar will be inactivated and the Start Recording button activated. All the ongoing calls will be stopped and scanning will be terminated (Frequency Scan mode). Data transfers will be stopped, PDP context will be deactivated, and GPRS detach will be performed. Nemo Outdoor will display a report window with some call statistics. At this point, you can choose if you would like to save this file or delete it. You can also start a playback of this file. If you wish to exit Nemo Outdoor, select File | Exit or click the cross in the upper right corner of the Nemo Outdoor main window. Log File PlayBack Playback is a handy tool for doing a quick analysis of measurements. You can playback files anytime and anywhere immediately after the measurement has been finished or later on. When you open a file for playback, Nemo Outdoor will deactivate all connected devices. Nemo Outdoor will ask if you would like to save the current device. If you answer Yes, Nemo Outdoor will save the current configuration and reactivate the devices that you had connected before the playback when you close the playback file(s). Nemo File Format 2. 0 Support for Nemo file format 2. New redesigned file format. Not backwards compatible with file format 1. 88 Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files cannot be post processed with Nemo Analyze 5. 10 or 5. 11. Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files cannot be opened with Nemo Outdoor 4. x. The first Nemo Analyze version supporting the new file format version 2. 0 will be version 5. 12. The estimated time of release is the end of September 2008. Customers using third-party post-processing tools are kindly requested to contact the thirdparty tool vendor directly for further details. The file extension with all devices is always . nmf (. 1. nmf, . 2. nmf. .n. nmf) Parameter columns separated with comma †,† FAQ I Q: Can I use the Nemo Outdoor 4. x dongle or software license with the new Nemo Outdoor 5. 0? A: No you cannot. You need to upgrade your existing license for the new version. To do this, a valid technical support agreement is required Q: Can I use the Nemo Outdoor 5. x dongle or software license with the old Nemo Outdoor 4. x version? A:Yes you can, the Nemo Outdoor 5. x dongle is also compatible with the older version of Nemo Outdoor Q: Is it possible to upgrade the dongle remotely to support new Nemo Outdoor 5. 0? A: No it is not. Please contact Nemo Helpdesk for further instructions Q: Is it possible to upgrade the existing Nemo Outdoor 4. software license to support Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 as well? A: Yes it is. Please contact Nemo Helpdesk for further instructions Q: How can I continue measurements with Nemo Outdoor after the dongle has been sent for an upgrade? A: A temporary software licence which is valid for one month from the issue date can be used. Please contact Nemo Helpdesk f or further instructions Q: I do not have a valid maintenance agreement. Can I still get the upgrade free of charge? A: No, only customers having valid maintenance agreement are entitled to the free upgrade. Please contact Nemo sales (Nemo. [emailprotected] com) further details. FAQ II Q: What does it cost? A: You only need to cover the delivery costs to the closest Anite/Nemo office. There will be no other costs for the customers with a valid maintenance agreement Q: If I upgrade my operating system to Vista, can I still perform video streaming quality measurements? A: No, this is not possible at the moment. With XP this is still possible Q: If I upgrade my operating system to Vista can I still do IP packet capturing? A: No, this is not possible at the moment. With XP this is still possible Q: Is it possible to post process Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files with Nemo Analyze 5. 10 or 5. 11? A: No it is not. The required Nemo Analyze version is 5. 2, available in September 2008 Q: Can I playback Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files with Nemo Outdoor 4. x? A: No, this is not possible. Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 must be used for this purpose Q: I am using a third-party post processing tool. Who I should contact to get more information on the new file format support? A: Please contact the po st-processing tool vendor directly Q: Is it possible to have both Nemo Outdoor 4. x and Nemo Outdoor 5. x installed on the same computer? A: No, it is not possible. Only one of them can run on a computer at a time Q: Are script files compatible between Nemo Outdoor 4. x and Nemo Outdoor 5. 0? A: No, they are not. New script files must be created Technical Support Americas Tel. 1 469 951 9105 +1 469 774 4608 (En espanol e portugues) +1 972 929 9898 Global (Except Americas) Tel. + 358 50 395 7800 Fax. + 358 8 551 6182 Address: Anite Finland Ltd, Sepankatu 20, 90100 Oulu, Finland Singapore Tel. Fax. +65 6254 9003 +65 6254 9885 Fax. Address: Anite Telecoms Inc. 6225 N Hwy 161, Suite 425, Irving, TX 75038, USA China Tel. Fax. +86 106 567 8528 +86 106 567 8521 Address: China Office Room 2206, 22nd Floor, The Exchange Beijing, No. Yi 118, Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, China Address: Anite Singapore Pte. Ltd. 101 Thomson Road, #20-05, United Square Singapore 307591 Email: nemo. [emailprotected] com Internet: www. anite. com/nemo THANK YOU Jasen. [emailprotected] com

Key Strategic Implementation Issues at BP Essay

Key Strategic Implementation Issues at BP - Essay Example Leadership perspective: Despite its immense growth and achievement, issues from leadership perspective are haunting this oil giant. In her article, Corkindale (2010) highlights that the major weakness of BP is its top leadership and points to mistakes made by BP. According to her, CEO, Tony Hayward, was solely responsible for the major oil spill that happened couple of years back. The attitudes and behaviors of senior most management team are believed to have caused this massacre. Organizations function based on strategic goals and objectives by following certain strategic values in the form of mission, vision and values (Ledlow & Coppola, 2011). While every organization sets its strategic objectives, makes strategic choices and directions, and links all tactical and operational strategies to the corporate strategies, leaders in critical positions must adhere to this principle. At BP, inappropriate governance and safety practices, and lack of ownership of its employees’ safety and hygiene emerged as a result of the major catastrophe. Moreover, Hayward is also accused of risky actions and investments; is accused of ignoring expert advice and overlooking warnings about safety issues and other facts (Corkindale, 2010). 6.1.2 Inappropriate business level strategic plans: Browne’s operating model comprised of six broad culture guidelines around people, openness, teamwork, simplicity, trust and empowerment. This model was introduced to make BP less bureaucratic and shift the command and control management to facilitated management through empowerment of middle management (Morrison, 2003). However, the catastrophes reported at BP could be the result of lack of knowledge and experience for middle management. Extreme empowerment to govern their individual units could have resulted in gaps or inappropriate safety and security management. Much before the recent BP Oil Spill, there have been other reported undesirable incidents that have caused loss to the community and environment, like the Texas City incident, few leakage incidents, blasts etc. The strategic drift in safety and operations were ignored by management. BP officials have been accused on many occasions of downplaying small erroneous operations and equipment, which had later caused larger blasts (Maresh & Williams, 2011). Moreover, BP’s cost cutting measures did not take into consideration its workers’ and environment’s safety, which is evident from BP’s corrosion-related history. Report from BP’s Congressional hearing (2006) indicates that these issues were repeatedly escalated to BP’s top management before the major catastrophe. This is an indication of lack of ownership and also lack of aligning business performance with broader organizational objectives. 6.1.3 Cultural issues: The top executives at BP acknowledge their responsibility to protect and preserve the environment. However, lack of ownership by the top management of governance measures have hi tched BP’s growth because of inappropriate practices and the consequential catastrophes, thereby questioning trust of their stakeholders in BP’

Mild Mental Retardation Related focused on pediatric population and Research Paper

Mild Mental Retardation Related focused on pediatric population and communication disorders - Research Paper Example To establish a diagnosis of mental retardation, the intelligence has to be atleast 2 standard deviations less than the mean intelligent quotient. Mental retardation can be categorized into mild, moderate, severe and profound based on the intelligent quotient and of these, mild mental retardation (MMR) accounts for more than 85 percent of the cases. The intelligent quotient is between 50-55 to 70 and the standard deviation below mean is 2-3. According to Reschly (2009), "MMR was the official designation of a level of MR that involved current intellectual functioning performance between 2 and 3 standard deviations below the population mean and significant limitations in some, but not all, facets of everyday adaptive functioning." The DSM (2005) criteria for mental retardation includes "significantly sub-average intellectual functioning- an IQ of approximately 70 or below, trouble with functioning in multiple areas of life and onset before age 18." Since those with MMR do not have much biological or physical involvement, there is no biological stigmata associated with the diagnosis (Nadelson, 2001). On the other hand, in those with levels of mental retardation beyond MMR, the diagnosis is often made in preschool years and the setting of identification is usually a health care system (Reschly, 2009). The comprehensiveness of the individual is poor and affects performance of the individuals in all social setting and also functional roles. Biological stigmata is always present with the diagnosis (Reschly, 2009). Diagnosis of MMR is often complex and also controversial because of lack of unequivocal symptoms and signs (Hegde and Pomaville, 2008). The diagnosis of MMR was recognized formally about a century ago and has been described in the earlier versions of American Association on Mental Retardation Disabilities (Reschly, 2009). When compared to other levels of mental retardation, MMR is usually not diagnosed until the child attains school age and the diagnosis usua lly occurs subsequent to referral from the class teacher of the child for suboptimal academic performance. Individuals with MMR typically do not exhibit any physical characteristics, neither do they have much impairment of comprehension (Reschly, 2009). When compared to other levels of mental retardation, MMR is usually not diagnosed until the child attains school age and the diagnosis usually occurs subsequent to referral from the class teacher of the child for suboptimal academic performance. Individuals with MMR typically do not exhibit any physical characteristics, neither do they have much impairment of comprehension (Reschly, 2009). Recent formulations for grading the severity of mental retardation are based on the levels of support needed rather than intelligent quotient. This is because; support levels are anyway related conceptually to impairment levels. Four levels of support are described in this regard and they are analogous to the four levels of impairment used earlier (Reschley, 2009). In this essay, communication problems, their evaluation tools, and treatment will be discussed with reference to MMR. Since there are several causes of MMR and it is beyond the purview of this essay to discuss them, one cause of MMR, the William syndrome will be discussed. Speech and language characteristics of the disorder The permanence in MMR is variable and its identification is unlike during preschool age period and adulthood.

The strategic partnership for the delivery of Excellent Waste services Essay

The strategic partnership for the delivery of Excellent Waste services for the Somerset County Council (SCC) - Essay Example Wyvem needs to adhere to correct business procedures and procedures as failure to do so may lead to cancellation of the contract. Of much importance is the nature of the contract as it touches on a key service delivery area of the Somerset County Council. In the event Wyvem fails to observe the set standard in executing its duties in cycling of waste, environmental degradation in the form of pollution will occur. This can be a barrier to the success of the partnership. Customer focus is important in this contract because the customer is the final consumer. Wyvem cannot realise profits with out maximizing on sales from its products. The Household waste recycling centres will need proper and professional management, which will ensure customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction largely depends on how customers are treated when they visit the centres, how their views and concerns are responded and acted upon and whether they perceive the management of the centres to value them. For the partnership to succeed Wyvem will need to restrict its operations and practice within the standard limits set in the contract. For instance, it can only obtain waste with in the rules set by Somerset County Council. The incentives offered by Wyvem must fall within the agreement just as the penalties Wyvem introduces to defaulters in the process of execution of its tasks must be within acceptable limits. The payment mechanism between the parties will hold as stipulated for in the contract / agreement and no matter the amount of profit Wyvem realises from recycling business, Somerset County Council is not entitled to claim extra benefits from Wyvem. Therefore adherence to the rules and regulations entered in the contract is necessary for the success of the partnership contract. The future of the contract largely depends on how keenly senior compliance officer plays his/ her role. As a senior compliance

Theories and Practice in Child Development

Theories and Practice in Child Development After reading the document produced by Tom Burkard and Tom Clelford, Cutting the Childrens Plan which gives an insight of why the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) should be scrapped. It states that the Statutory Framework EYFS which was launched in 2007 should be scrapped to save  £315 million. However the authors do not state which areas of the EYFS they want scrapped, which causes concern. The EYFS is a large framework for practice and assessment and is the umbrella under which all the children aged 0 5 years who receive care and education. It has been a great impact within the early years establishments as well as having influences of various theorists to support the childrens learning and development. Before thinking of scrapping the EYFS altogether the authors should consider looking through the framework and see what the positives and negatives are as some aspects of the EYFS dont work for some whereas other aspects are of great use. As it mentions in Pugh.G et al (2010:1 00) There are also those who think it goes too far and is too perspective. (Open Eye, 2007:2008). Within the document it is mentioned that the EYFS is an intrusive attempt to micro-manage all 0 5 childcare establishments as well as dictating best practice including parents. Within the EYFS it does not specify that the parents should do as they are told neither does it specify how practitioners should work with the children. Therefore Pugh.G et al (2010:105), states that It requires the practitioner to differentiate to understand each child as an individual and personalize the curriculum content to match their needs and interests. However practitioners should have an in depth knowledge of their key children, so that they can use the EYFS Framework to support and help plan opportunities and activities. These will then enhance childrens learning and encourage the individual childrens development in a way that will interest them. The EPPE Project (Sylva et al, 2004: Chapter 4) identified the importance of a form of interaction between children and adults, that they call sustained shared thinking in promoting childrens learning and development which is now as part of the EYFS. On the other hand working in partnership with parents is essential as it helps all children to achieve their full potential. As stated in The Times (2008), The EYFS is about responding to the individuality of each child, in the context of loving and secure relationships and creating a stimulating and enabling environment that will promote age appropriate experiences for learning and development. Furthermore, Nurse A.D (2007:73) states that Children can be said to prefer to learn through the enactive mode as their ability to represent images and use symbols is less well developed. In this Bruner agreed with Piaget that active, first hand experiences are an appropriate way to present new knowledge to young children. The document also questions whether the EYFS encourages good practice. According to Pugh.G et al (2010:105) we need to focus the curriculum on what is important for the children, the things that they need to be doing at this stage of their development. By looking at the research and practice the most important things are Being Social, Being Positive, Being a Communicator, Being Creative and Being Healthy and Safe (ECM:2003). By introducing reading and writing at an early stage it could be argued that it can lead to complications later on and also delaying phonic work, therefore the EYFS recommends that practitioners use their professional judgement with introducing phonics. On the other hand the authors are claiming that children who come from a less stimulating disadvantaged environment waste an entire year falling further behind their middle class peers in learning (e.g reading), whose parents generally know better than to delay reading instruction. This is not entirely true, Gaunt e (2010) clarifies that Parents with the support of the wider family, are childrens primary educators. What parents do at home with young children has the most impact on all aspects of their development social, emotional, intellectual and physical. Nevertheless it could be alleged that children who have strong home learning environments are ahead socially and intellectually by the age of three, which is continued into schooling. Bronfenbrenners ecological model of human development emphasises the role of the wider environment and the childrens interaction within it. Bronfenbrenner and Caci (1994) proposed that the environment was the main influence on childrens development. Bronfenbrenner produced systems which included the following Microsystems, Macrosystems and Exosystems. The following diagram illustrated below shows how these systems are interacted and impact on the childs learning and development. (Smith et al: 2003). Bronfenbrenner also led the Head Start programme in America which required helping disadvantaged children overcome their poor beginnings. The EYFS recognises the importance of the wider environment both in working in partnership with parents and the ethos of the EYFS, providing equality of care and education for all. Research has shown that good quality early education and care has wide ranging benefits for all children. Being provided across nurseries, reception classes, pre schools, childrens centres and childminders, it enhances social and cognitive skills and is of particular benefit to disadvantaged children (N.A: 2010). However other curriculums have also the quality input that the EYFS has, for example the High Scope Curriculum, Montessori etc. It could be argued that children who have an intellectually and physically stimulating environment will maintain a more complex network of synapses in the brain (Bee: 1997). These biological changes in nature can have implications for practice, the EYFS however has a variety of suitable activities planned for those at different ages and stages of development. This is a prime example of how nurture can influence nature. Additionally Bowlbys (1907 1990) research found that babies/children succeed if they receive care from one main caregiver which is usually the mother. They are also more likely to make secure attachments and then initially grow up into being well balanced adults. (OHagan et al: 1993). Therefore modern researchers have disputed the fact that only the mothers can perform this task (Smith et al: 1993), regardless the debate of working mothers, it still remains that the childrens emotional and cognitive development are best when there is that continuity of care available. When in care children under the age of 5 should each be allocated key workers so that children can form key attachments with this person, this is where secondary attachments are formed. The key person is a key to developing relationships with the children that are assigned to them as swell as sharing and collecting information by working in partnership with parents of the key children allocated. The EYFS reflects this by stating that Each child with early years care and education should be allocated a key person (EYFS: 2007). By having a key person allocated to the children it enables them to develop an attachment with the practitioner on a secure basis knowing that they can rely on the key person. Lastly the authors stipulate that despite the ambitions of the EYFS, childminders have not been able to see the practical effect of this. It could be argued that there is too much paperwork involved for them within the EYFS. However there is evidence that most childminders have developed knowledge and understanding of how to put the EYFS into practice and use it to identify, plan and provide foe individual childrens needs in their care. On the other hand many childminders have given up their jobs due to this and others who are thinking of this. On one forum a childminder writes her views on the EYFS Curriculum and how she feels about it which can be accessed on The childminder states: I, like many other childminders, gave up an enormous amount of personal time just to prepare for my Ofsted. I spent weeks compiling my Portfolio, cataloguing my Toys, books, games, puzzles and equipment; compiling cleaning rotas, putting together endless policies, parent information booklets, files for training, files for resource collections, working out a system for recording each childs development, the list goes on and on. I still cared about and loved the children, I still provided the caring environment, and I still try to help each of my little ones to blossom and flourish, to feel loved and cared for, to be aware of the needs and feelings of others and to know that each one is recognised as being unique and valuable. Yes it should be obligatory for childminders to attend relevant courses and keep up to date with current thinking and procedures, in order that they can prepare to do the job effectively, but the burden of delivering EYFS in a childminding setting is too much for many childminders, and this needs to be reviewed. Mrs R Richardson, Registered Childminder Therefore it could be argued that the EYFS should not be scrapped but reviewed again. Purnima Tanuku, chief executive of the National Day Nurseries Association argues that We are receiving clear signals about the positives of the EYFS and recommend that the Government focuses on refining and improving the EYFS rather than introducing radical change.

Theory of Evolution :: essays research papers

1809 February 12 - Charles Robert Darwin born at The Mount, Shrewsbury. 1818 - Darwin entered Shrewsbury School. 1825-27 - 22 October Darwin matriculated at Edinburgh University where he studied medicine but operations (without anesthetics) and the sight of blood turned him from that profession. 1827-31 - 15 October Darwin was admitted to Christ's Colledge, Cambridge University, to prepare for a career in the Church. He accepted the Articles of Faith. 1829 Summer - Darwin made an entomological tour of North Wales with Professor F. W. Hope. Darwin's interest in 'bugs and beetles' was longstanding. 1831 - 26 April Darwin received his BA degree. In Spring he began planning a scientific voyage to Canary Islands. 1831 August 29/30 - Darwin received an invitation to serve as unpaid naturalist on the survey ship H.M.S. Beagle, which was to travel around the world. At this point Darwin had no formal training in science. 1831 December 27 - The H.M.S. Beagle sailed from Devonport, England 1832 September 23 - Darwin made his first important fossil find, notably various extinct mammals. 1832 December 16 - Darwin had his first sight of 'Indians' of Tierra de Fuego. 1835 March 26 - Darwin is bittn by Triatoma infestans. 1835 September - Darwin studied geology and the fauna, and flora of Galapagos Islands. Here he made detailed observations, eventually noting of the now-famous 'Darwin's finches' as well as the Galapagos tortoises. 1835 December - Darwin wrote his first known draft of his paper on theory of formation of coral reefs. 1836 October 2 - The H.M.S. Beagle finally returned to England and docked at Falmouth, England. 1837 March 13 - Darwin lives at 36 Great Marlborough Street, London. 1837 May 31 - Darwin read his paper on coral reefs to the London Geological Society 1837 July - Darwin 'Opened first notebook on Transmutation of Species.' 1837 October - Darwin began work leading to Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, edited and superintended by Charles Darwin, published 1840-1843, 5 volumes. 1838 September 28 - Darwin started to read Malthus, and later claimed to have formulated his theory of evolution by natural selection. 1838 November 11 - Darwin propooses marriage to Emma Wedgwood. 1839 January 1 - Darwin moves to 12 Upper Gower Street, London. 1839 January 24 - Darwin elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. 1839 January 29 - Charles Robert Darwin married Emma Wedgwood - Marry, Marry, Marry.

Negative Effect of Devolution

Negative effects: The implementation of the local government in 1992 provided the impetus for local government units to assume greater roles and responsibilities in bringing about socio-economic development for their respective constituents. This is in view of the devolution in the provision of basic services such as health, social welfare, socialized housing, agricultural extension, tourism development, among others, from the national to local governments. The devolution of health services of the Department of Health (DOH) to the local government units was consonance with the national goals. The national vision signals the initial step for local communities as well as an opportunity for local government units to manage their respective health services in the most effective and efficient manner. Considering these meritorious objectives to attain the national vision, the devolution process also posed problems for the DOH and the local government units, particularly on the inadequate financial resources to undertake vigorous health service delivery programs. In Cotabato City, the constraint of insufficient budgetary resources was only one of the problems faced by the local government in the provision of effective and efficient ranged from the geographic location of its barangays, economic status of its population, inadequate health manpower and facilities, and pre-LGC (Local Government Code) situation. The location of the barangays and economic status of the population. People of various ethnic origins (T’boili, B’laan, Tagabili, Ubo and Tasaday) coming from as far as Aparri to Tawi-tawi populate the city of Cotabato. Majority of its population is composed of the Maguindanaoan tribe and people from the Visayan regions. Cotabato, as a participant in the Integrated Community Health Services Project (ICHSP) was included in the Local Health Accounts pilot phase as one of six provinces where local financial data was collected. About 60 percent of the population is composed of marginal farmers and fisherfolks, seasonal job workers, unskilled labourer and jobless individuals. Those belonging to this group live within the poverty threshold level as they earn an average gross family income of php6,000 and below per month. The remaining 40 percent accounts for the middle and high-income groups. This implies that majority of the people living in Cotabato are poor and disadvantaged and, therefore, most wanting of health and other basic services from the government. Accessibility and Transportation Constraints. The city’s geographical feature makes delivery of health services a major challenge to the local government. Brooks. Rivulets and creeks of various sizes criss-cross and traverse the city in all directions. Eight barangays can only be reached by water transportation. Three other barangays are not easily accessible by public transportation. Before it’s special project on health and sanitation, the city has been providing health care at the Main Health Center and eleven satellite stations. However, people in remote areas cannot avail of these services because of transportation difficulties. Inadequate Financial and Budgetary Resources. The Office of Health Services (OHS) had very limited financial resources. Its regular budget was just ssufficient to cover personal services and maintenance and operating expenses. Inadequate Health Manpower and Facilities. Due to financial constraint the OHS could not put up additional health facilities and employ much needed additional health personnel. Prior to its special project on health and sanitation, the city has only 11 health stations regularly manned by midwives. In terms of manpower, the OHS had only 39 regular personnel. These consisted of 4 doctors, 6 nurses, 11 midwives, 1 dentist, 1 medical technologist, 8 sanitary inspectors and 8 non-technical and administrative personnel. Such health facilities and manpower have been inadequate to cover the entire household in the city Adverse Pre-implementation Health Station. Until 1993, major health statistics and conditions indicate the need to give more focus in the delivery of basic preventivehealth servies to the constituent of Cotabato City, particularly to the disadvantaged groups living in the remote barangays. Based on the National Statistics Coordination Boards (NSCB) data for 1990, the city’s infant mortality rate was 44. 0 per 1,000 live births while maternal mortality rate was 182. 8 per 100,000 livebirths.

Money or Family Values First Which Way to Go

Money or Family Values First Which Way to Go The fast paced life and major shifts in socioeconomic front witnessed in the 21st century has necessitated major re-alliances and re-alignments of what people consider important for their wellbeing and survival. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money or Family Values First? Which Way to Go specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Principles and philosophies that not so long ago served to preserve the social fabric have been discarded, and their place taken by the inordinate self-directed obsession of monetary and wealth accumulation that is characteristic of most people living in this generation. While money and wealth accumulation are valid indicators of economic progress, the methodologies and strategies that are employed to gain them continues to raise more questions than answers. Today, more than ever before, people have become increasingly obsessed with their work for purposes of accumulating more wealth to an extent t hat family and societal values are relegated to a distant position in the hierarchy of needs perceived to be of importance. It is against this background that this paper purposes to evaluate by comparing and contrasting the various factors and issues that will assist us to understand what, between money and family values, should be of primary importance. It is indeed true that the dream of nearly everyone in this world is to become financially independent and happy, and money is largely viewed as the only silver conduit to financial freedom and enjoyment of life. However, it must be said that this kind of thinking is grounded on misconstrued facts and perceptions that only borders the bizarre. The foremost requirement for individuals aspiring to become financially stable and lead a happy life is to learn how to spend and save the money accrued over their lifetimes and, more importantly, how to invest the financial resources to attain stability. These valuable lessons are best inte rnalized at the family level, and family values play a significant role in molding the principles and perceptions of how young children will utilize their resources later in life depending on what they learn from their parents and older siblings. If the parents are careless with how they spend their money, chances are that the children will internalize that in their value system and will likely become careless spenders later on. As such, family values becomes the epicenter of shaping individual behavior and actions towards the attainment of a certain good, while money assumes the position of facilitating the attainment of a certain good such as that of becoming financially independent.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Establishing strong family values undoubtedly creates a foundation which permits people, especially young children, to make wise choices on their own. In deed, the values espoused at the family level not only acts as a moral guide to the members of a family, but also functions as the cornerstone of their own conscience. It is primarily the family that functions to instill such values as integrity, respect, forgiveness, self-discipline, and honesty, among others. In the absence of these values, money looses its place in making our lives more fulfilling by virtue of assisting us to meet our needs. Money, in its holistic form and nature, can neither be used to buy the values that are so fundamental to our very own existence such as self-discipline and honesty nor can it be used to buy some states of wellbeing such as happiness and health. For instance, movie celebrities are not only known for their fat wallets and fame, but also for their erratic behaviors such as drug abuse, law-breaking, and high-level divorces. On the contrary, the internalization of good family values into people’s lives allows them the opportunity to use money to enhance the attainment of states of wellbeing that guarantee happiness and health. As such, money assumes a secondary role of making our lives more fulfilling, and may indeed miss out on playing such a role in the absence of good family values. In line with the above, family values helps us discern what is good from the bad, and offers us the opportunity to develop our feelings of self-worth and identity. However, character and self-worth cannot be measured or evaluated in terms of dollars or monetary predisposition. It is true that money can bring security and comfort, but this should not be misconstrued to imply that an individual with lots of money is valued or evaluated using the monetary yardstick. For example, drug lords and bank robbers have a lot of money, but certainly aren’t perceived as people of upright moral values by individuals who know what they do. The fact that society defines people by their actions and behavior, not by their wealth, therefore ass umes a paramount role in this discussion. Certainly, the family is one of the most essential facets of an individual’s life, and the values transferred to the individual by the family institution define his self-worth and identity. As such, it is important to first entrench responsible actions and behavior at the family level before thinking about what money can do to transform lives in ways such as getting a good education, donating to charity, or establishing a business venture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money or Family Values First? Which Way to Go specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can be safely agued that family values assists individuals to develop their own world views in ways which money can possibly never achieve. The worldviews that people form are basic to their very own existence since they helps them traverse various life challenges by formulating strategies and frameworks for proper conf lict resolution and coping mechanisms. It is universally agreeable that a weak, negative, or disjointed worldview only serves to occasion more problems that cannot be solved by the financial capability of an individual. For example, Mike Tyson was a great and astute boxer, but his negative worldview arising from his poor upbringing as a child brought him problems with the law enforces that could not be solved by his vast financial resources, resulting in his jailing. This example demonstrates that family values are extremely important in assisting an individual to develop a positive worldview, which inarguably goes a long way to define the capacity of such an individual in developing relationships with others and in conflict resolution. Money and wealth cannot assist an individual in developing good relationships or solving conflicts that are so prevalent in modern society in the absence of family values and, as such, they only assume a secondary role as far as values are concerne d. It is a well known fact that family values are affected by the socioeconomic realities within the family setup, and that money is an important indicator of the socioeconomic status of a family. Indeed, some individuals use this line of thinking to conclude that families with strong economic status have strong family values, implying that money and the wealth it accumulates are the foremost determinants of a family’s capacity to have good family values. However, this is a fallacy that is not only wrong in its interpretation, but has served to instill a misplaced perception that money is everything. In India, for example, the Caste system aligns families with their social economic status, but no evidence has to date been adduced to the effect that families within the lower castes have lesser family values than those in the upper levels of the system. As a matter of fact, it is more rational to argue along the continuum that family values determines the socioeconomic status of individuals since evidence can be adduced to support this argument. For example, children from families which abhor alcoholism and drug abuse are more likely to become successful in life than those reared by alcoholic parents. As such, family values are more important than money All in all, the above discussion has demonstrated why family values must take precedence over monetary considerations. Money is good, but it is not the panacea for leading a prosperous and fulfilling life. However, the capitalistic nature of modern society coupled with misleading media reports and advertisements are entrenching a new angle in our perceptions about what money can do for us to a point where the position of family values in the social matrix is increasingly been threatened by our compulsive love for money. Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When parents start to worship money, children will have no alternative other than to view money as of primary importance to the values that will help them later in life. This trend should be reversed at all costs.